1. Particle Theory and the Kinetic Molecular TheoryPg
Homework:
p. 422#1,2,3a
p. 422 #1,3,4

2. Particle Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, ions, molecules) that are in constant motion
Particles have spaces between them
Draw particle diagrams to describe and compare the relative spacing of particles in solids, liquids and gasses.
Solid
Liquid
Gas

3. Solids and Liquids Gases
These particles cannot move independently
Incompressible
Vibrational motion (solids)
Vibrational, rotational, and translational motion (liquids)
Gases
Are able to move independently
Motion is fast
Compressible
Translational motion is most significant
Solids: vibrational (vibrate around a fixed point)
Liquids: vibrational and rotational (particles rotate and change positions)

4. Forces Between Particles
Particles are held together by strong attractive forces
Describe and compare the relative attractive forces between particles in solids, liquids and gasses
The strength of attractive forces between particles depends on:
Type of force
Temperature

5. Types of Forces Attractions Between Charged Particles:
Electrostatic attraction e.g. ionic bonding
Very strong
Attractions Between Polar Molecules:
Intermolecular forces
Dipole-dipole
Not as strong
Attractions Between Non-Polar Molecules:
London forces (temporary dipoles)
Weak and temporary
Depend on size (forces add up)
Electrostatic: oppositely charged particles attract each other
Polar: particles are not charged but attractions can still form
Intermolecular: between neutral molecules or molecules and ions

6. Temperature Related to kinetic energy When heated:
Particles move faster and have more collisions
Higher kinetic energy (helps to overcome attractive forces)
Take up more space making the object expand
When cooled:

7. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
State the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
The KMT describes a hypothetical gas called an ideal gas
Ideal Gas:
Particles take up hardly any space
Particles do not attract one another
Allows us to make generalizations about real gases