1. PAF 101 Module 2, Lecture 3 -Reinhold Niebuhr
  God grant me serenity To accept the things I cannot change, The courage to change the things I can, And the wisdom to know the difference.
-Reinhold Niebuhr

2. Class Agenda Announcements Dale Carnegie
Discussion of societal problems and policy trade offs
EITC as an example
Drivers of public policy

3. Date on Cover Page
Either Spring 2016 or Fall 2016 are okay as long as you downloaded it after the semester started

4. Thrive Projects is an internationally focused not-for-profit based in Syracuse
Co-Founded by Ryan Brinkerhoff (policy studies major) -- Spent all summer operating energy education programs in Nepal
Looking for Student Volunteers interested in: education, community development, events/fundraising, finance, marketing or technology
5 hours/week (half independent/half with your department)
Meetings every in Bird
Contact Ryan Brinkerhoff --

5. Competition Points Winners Losers Group # Points 3 7 5 6 9 2 4 8 14 1810 12 16 17 19 20 13 15 11
Winners
Losers
As of 9/21/16

6. Dale Carnegie

7. Meet Dale.
Sup.
Dale Carnegie was born in Missouri and was raised by poor farmers.
By the end of his life, he had amassed a fortune and is called the founder of self-help.
His book How to Win Friends and Influence People has sold over 10 million copies.

8. Why should YOU know him?
His principles will allow you to gain knowledge about successfully interacting with others.
You will make a lot of friends and a lot less enemies.
Learning DC will change the way you view yourself, and in turn, help the way others view you.
His principles will allow you to succeed in life…

9. Dale Carnegie Principles
Try honestly to see things from the other person's point of view.
Don't criticize, condemn or complain.
Give honest and sincere appreciation.
Sympathize with the other person.
Arouse in the other person an eager want.
Appeal to noble motives.
Become genuinely interested in other people.
Dramatize your ideas.
Remember that a man's name is to him the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
Throw down a challenge.
Begin with praise and honest appreciation.
Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
Call attention to other people's mistakes indirectly.
Talk in the terms of the other man’s interest.
Talk about your own mistakes first.
Make the other person feel important and do it sincerely.
Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.
Let the other person save face.
Avoid arguments.
Praise every improvement.
Never tell someone they are wrong
Give them a fine reputation to live up to
If you're wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
Encourage them by making their faults seem easy to correct.
Begin in a friendly way.
Start with questions the other person will answer yes to. Let the other person do the talking.
Make the other person happy about doing what you suggest.
Let the other person feel the idea is his/hers.

10. Famous DC Users http://www. bloomberg
Dale Carnegie Training that shaped the lives of such people as Warren Buffett, Johnny Cash, and Emeril Lagasse, can claim an additional ardent disciple: Charles Manson.

11. What is Dale Carnegie?
It depends
A tool
A way of life

12. Dale Carnegie Fireside Chat
Featuring Anthony

13. Exercise 2.3
Photocopy both the title page and the copyright page of the book you use.

14. Exercise 2.5 Census Data Students lost points for preventable mistakes
Must use Quick Facts on census website
TAs will be checking your data!
If we catch you faking any data you’re a loser, and you will receive a ZERO for the entire paper.

15. How Completed Chart Should Look

16. Exercise 3.1
3 real players that you may use later

17. Seven Societal Problem Areas
Crime
Education
Environment
Health
Housing
Jobs and Economic Development
Poverty

18. The EITC Policy Dealing with Poverty
“EITC, Earned Income Tax Credit, is a benefit for working people who have low to moderate income. A tax credit means more money in your pocket. It reduces the amount of tax you owe and may also give you a refund.”
(IRS website)

19. Basic Facts
The tax helps the “working poor,” those tax payers whose limited work hours and low wages keep them in the low-income tax bracket
The refund depends on a tax payer’s:
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), which is gross income minus specific deductions* that a tax payer is eligible to take
The number of (qualifying) children
* Common examples of deductions are “alimony payments made to a former spouse, contributions to certain retirement accounts (such as a traditional IRA) and the deduction for tuition and fees.” (Turbotax website)

20. Basic Facts EITC Eligibility
based on AGI and Number of Children (Tax Filing for the Work Year 2014)
 Status
AGI must be less than… (Single)
AGI must be less than… (Married, jointly filed)
Maximum
Credit Possible
No Qualifying Children
$ 14,820
$ 20,330
$ 503
One Child
$ 39,131
$ 44,651
$ 3,359
Two Children
$ 44,454
$ 49,974
$ 5,548
Three or more Children
$ 47,747
$ 53,267
$ 6,242

21. Basic Facts
EITC is acquired when tax payers fill out regular tax returns and complete an additional seven lines of information
Earnings do not include social welfare program, dividends, interest, and capital gains.
Earnings do include wages earned from self- employment income and regular income
Full or part time work

22. History of EITC
1975: EITC is proposed by Nixon but created and signed by President Ford in order to help alleviate the burdens of social security and Medicare taxes for low-income workers
1970s : The credit is made permanent, adjustments were made regarding categories, the percentage of credit, and those eligible for the credit
2013: Congress extended the 2009 American Taxpayer Recovery Act through 2017
The 2009 Act essentially extended the EITC and added the “third tier,” or level, to help families with more than two children

23. Impact
In 2013, about 6.2 million people were lifted out of poverty, including about 3.2 million children.
Studies suggest that the EITC “increase(s) aggregate hours worked.” (Beverly, 2002).
“What research has shown, however, is that most EITC recipients only get the credit for two consecutive years or less. Many of them soon move up the income ladder and start paying taxes back into the system.” – The Washington Post
The EITC reduced federal tax revenue by $59 billion in whereas the cost of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps) was $80 billion (Hungerford, 2013).

24. Federal vs. State
24 states and the District of Columbia administered their own state EITCs (2014)
When you apply for the Federal EITC, you are automatically enrolled for the State
Federal refunds faster (about 2 weeks), and the State takes a little while longer
States typically calculate EITCs as a fixed percentage of the federal credit
Percent of Federal Credit for NYS: 30%

25. Too few eligible citizens file for the EITC in Onondaga County
Problem & Evidence
Too few eligible citizens file for the EITC in Onondaga County
Total Filers in Onondaga County in 2013: 211,656
Filers that are eligible for VITA services: 133,492 (63.07%)
Eligible Filers that used VITA services: 7,249 (5.43%)
Unknown Percent: Private sector filing & individual filing of the tax returns
* Those who are eligible are files who reported an adjusted gross income of less than $53,000
**Data are based on 2013 tax return season Data are from the United Way, who received the data from the IRS

26. Value of EITC in Syracuse
Value of Federal EITC : All County: $ 3,097,509
CA$H sites only: $ 2,576,685
Value of Fed & State EITC: All County: $4,130,012
CA$H sites only: $3,435,580
Average Refund per Filer:
All County: $ 1,264
CA$H sites: $ 1,620
*2013 data

27. What We’ve Learned
Their problem may not be a serious as first thought. 80% take up rate may be a good as it gets

28. The 80-20 Rule It takes 20% of effort to complete 80% of the problem
It takes 80% of effort to achieve the last 20%

29. Five Drivers on Policy Topics
Describe how each driver shapes the EITC public policy discussions
Fear
Greed
Guilt
Love
Belief in Progress
What’s the most important driver?

30. Drivers and Problem Solving
Extreme drivers get in the way
Life is a highway
Moderation is the key

31. For next class
Prospective Community Service is due 10/14 by 12:45pm
your TA
Should be finished with all exercises in chapter 2 and 3 by Monday
Module 2 due 12:45 on 10/7
Slide 28