1. Implementation of pavement preservation treatments
NJDOT Research Study
Rutgers-Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
Deighton

2. NJDOT Research Study The objectives of this research study are to:
Develop a list of appropriate pavement preservation treatments for use on HMA, Composite and PCC pavements on the NJDOT state-maintained road network
Recommend Pavement Management System inputs for Pavement Preservation Treatments
Develop NJDOT Specifications for each Pavement Preservation Treatment
Document the Constraints on Pavement Preservation Treatments on Available Suppliers and Contractors
Develop and Facilitate Pavement Preservation Treatment Training and Implementation

3. Survey Focus
• Successful techniques for pavement preservation on high traffic-volume roadways currently in use;
• Potentially successful techniques for pavement preservation approaches that are not yet fully deployed;
• Challenges and solutions to implementation on high-traffic volume roadways; and
• Special considerations for quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA).

4. Information Sources
• FHWA, FHWA Resource Centers, Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center, AASHTO, TRB papers and presentations, NCHRP reports and syntheses, LTPP SPS3 and Datapave, SHPR2, Pavement Preservation Conference presentations
• Pavement Preservation Centers (National Pavement Preservation Center, California Pavement Preservation Center, Texas Pavement Preservation Center, Illinois Pavement Preservation Center, etc.),
• Industry sites (International Slurry Surfacing Association, Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association, Foundation for Pavement Preservation, Asphalt Institute),
• National Association of County Engineers, New Jersey Society of Municipal Engineers.

5. Pavement Preservation Treatments Database
Documents
S:\PaveTech\Pavement Preservation\Pavement Preservation Treatments

6. SHRP2 REPORTS Preservation Approaches for High-Traffic-Volume Roadways
SHRP2 REPORT S2-R26-RR
Guidelines for the Preservation
of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways
SHRP2 REPORT S2-R26-RR

7. Top Deficiencies Addressed by Preservation Treatments
HMA-surfaced pavements
light and moderate surface distress
(i.e., various forms of cracking), raveling, and friction loss.
PCC pavements
smoothness or ride quality and surface distress (i.e., spalling and various forms of cracking),
with some concern about noise issues
Survey results showed that an overwhelming number of respondents reported using overnight or single-shift closures for treatment application.

8. Major Conclusions The most notable conclusions are the following:
• Several preservation treatments are currently being extensively used or have been documented
as successfully used on high-traffic-volume roadways.
• Successful selection of projects and preservation treatments for high-traffic-volume roadways requires that
Treatment functions be properly matched to pavement conditions;
Potential effects of traffic level and climatic conditions on expected treatment performance be properly assessed;
Project construction constraints be carefully examined in relation to the limitations of the treatments; and
Treatment cost-effectiveness and other factors be properly and methodically considered.

9. Common Pavement Preservation Treatments
HMA-Surfaced Pavements
Crack fill
Microsurfacing
Crack seal
Single/Multiple course Chip seal
Cape seal
Thin/Ultra-thin HMA overlay (<1.5 in.)
Fog seal
In-place HMA recycling (CIR, HIR)
Slurry seal
Thin/Ultra-thin whitetopping

10. Common Pavement Preservation Treatments
PCC-Surfaced Pavements
Joint resealing
Dowel bar retrofit
Crack sealing
Thin PCC overlay
Diamond grinding/grooving
Ultra-thin bonded concrete wearing course
Pavement Partial/Full depth Patching
Thin HMA overlay (<1.5 in.)
Drainage preservation

11. Primary Capabilities and Functions of Preservation Treatments for HMA-Surfaced Pavements

12. Primary Capabilities and Functions of Preservation Treatments for PCC-Surfaced Pavements

13. Treatment use on rural HMA-surfaced roadways, by category of high-traffic-volume criteria

14. Treatment use on urban HMA-surfaced roadways, by category of high-traffic-volume criteria

15. Treatment Usage on HMA-Surfaced Roadways According to Pavement Condition

16. Effect of Treatment Timing on Costs
Generalized Pavement Selection Criteria
New
Do Nothing
Good
Crack Seal
Pavement
Preservation
Fog Seal
Chip Seal
Micro surfacing
Condition
Fair
Thin Overlay/Ultra-thing bonded Overlay
Pavement
Rehabilitation
Hot In-place Recycling HIR
Treatment timing and costs can be broken down into four levels,
A new pavement or treatment need no treatment when it is first constructed.
Pavement Preservation techniques are used to keep good pavement in good condition and to restore pavement in fair condition to good condition. These surface treatment are inexpensive.
Pavements that deteriorate further need pavement rehabilitation or even reconstruction. These treatments are considerable more expensive and therefore limit the number of miles of roadway that can be restored each year.
Minor – Mill/Functional Overlay
Poor
Cold In-place Recycling CIR
Major – Mill/Structural Overlay
Pavement
Reconstruction
Full Depth Reclamation
Reconstruction
V. Poor
Time 16

17. Rutgers University - CAIT
Treatment Choices
Trigger Point for
Treatment 1
Age or Traffic Loads
Pavement Condition Index
Treatment 2
Treatment 2 in Year Y
at $S Cost
Existing Performance
Treatment 1 in Years X
and Z at $ Cost
Preservation
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Rutgers University - CAIT

18. Specification Investigation
Specifications Library
National Highway Specifications Library

19. Pavement Preservation Specifications
Review the State DOT Standard Specifications and Special Specifications/Provision for:
Pavement Preservation Treatment Specifications, Mix Designs
Construction Procedures or Best Practices Manuals
Quality Assurance
to identify those treatments that warrant further considerations.

20. Specification Investigation
Pavement Preservation Treatment Specifications*
** Slurry Seal
** Fog Seal
** Microsurfacing
Thin Overlay
* Chip Seal
* Cape Seal
* Cold In-place Recycling
** Full Depth Reclamation
** Hot In-place Recycling
* All variations
** Review of NJDOT existing specifications

21. Draft Specifications Prepared Draft Specification for
CIR with Foamed Asphalt and Asphalt Emulsion,
Mix Design for CIR with Foamed Asphalt
Mix Design for CIR with Asphalt Emulsion

22. EFFECTS OF CONSTRAINTS ON PAVEMENT PRESERVATION TREATMENTS MATERIAL SUPPLIERS AND CONTRACTORS
Prepared for the state asphalt pavement association directors about:
Pavement Preservation dollars and project totals in their states. 
Research the PP contractors, estimated treatment cost, estimation of mobilization, and night work issues.
If there are pavement preservation contracts, are the in place contractors thinking of adapting or are they adapting?
What percentage of their membership employs pavement preservation techniques?

23. Demonstration and Training
O Develop Demonstration projects and training on NJDOT, county, municipal or university facilities in conjunction with a Statewide or regional workshop on Pavement Preservation Treatments
O Develop a multi-year (5-7 year) Pavement Preservation Treatments assessment plan to address the in-situ pavement prior to the pavement preservation treatment (condition IRI, distresses, material properties-FWD, DCP, layer structure), the traffic inputs (volume, truck level percentage), the construction review and quality assessment, and the annual post-construction condition distress and IRI in all lanes.
FDR with Cement
CIR with Foamed Asphalt
CIR with Asphalt Emulsion
Asphalt Rubber Slurry Seal
Crack Sealing

24. Training Courses NHI Courses
• A, B, C – Pavement Preservation: Design and Construction of Preventive Maintenance Treatments
• – Pavement Preservation: Integrating Pavement Preservation Practices into Pavement Management
• – Transportation Asset Management
• – Pavement Preservation Treatment Construction – WEB-BASED
• Pavement Preservation: Optimal Timing of Pavement Preservation Treatments
• – Pavement Preservation: Preventive Maintenance Treatment, Timing, and Selection
• , A – Pavement Management: Characteristics of an Effective Program

25. Training Courses National Center for Pavement Preservation (NCPP)
• Basic Concepts for Pavement Preservation
• Chip Seal Best Practices
• Slurry Seal and Micro-surfacing systems
• Top of the Curve: Fog Seals, Rejuvenators, Crack Sealing, and Filling
International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA)
• NCPP Slurry Seals & Microsurfacing Workshop
• ISSA/AI Webinar Series
Asphalt Institute
Asphalt Emulsion Webinar Series
• Introduction and chemistry
• Storage, handling and sampling testing, selecting the right grade
• Surface treatments (chip seals, slurry, micro, etc.)
• Emulsion aggregate mixtures
• Asphalt pavement recycling, miscellaneous applications

26. Training Courses National Concrete Pavement Technology Center
Concrete Pavement Preservation modules
• FHWA-NHI A TTCC Preventative Pavement Preservation Concepts
• FHWA-NHI B TTCC Concrete Pavement Evaluation
• FHWA-NHI C TTCC Slab Stabilization and Slab Jacking
• FHWA-NHI D TTCC Partial-Depth Repairs
• FHWA-NHI E TTCC Full-Depth Repairs
• FHWA-NHI F TTCC Retrofitted Edge Drains
• FHWA-NHI G TTCC Load Transfer Restoration
• FHWA-NHI H TTCC Diamond Grinding and Grooving
• FHWA-NHI I TTCC Joint Sealing and Crack Resealing
• FHWA-NHI J TTCC Strategy Selection

27. Deighton Technical Memo Findings
18 state DOT’s pavement management systems were studied
17 of the 18 systems used at least 1 pavement preservation treatment in their pavement management system
The 6 most commonly found were:
Crack Seal
Chip Seal
Microsurface
Thin Overlay
Joint Sealing
Diamond Grinding

28. Deighton Technical Memo Findings
5 parameters were used most often as treatment triggers:
IRI / Roughness
Structural Cracking
Transverse Cracking
Longitudinal Cracking
Rutting
States use a mix of indexed parameters as well as actual values (such as IRI) in treatment triggers
States also use a full range of indexed and actual parameters in resets, depending on the way the condition data is stored in the asset repository
Resets are often conditional on pavement age, classification, traffic, and other factors

29. Pavement Preservation Treatments in Use by Surveyed State DOT’s

30. Most Common Treatment Triggers in Use by Surveyed State DOT’s
Number shows rank based on number of states using the trigger

31. Summary of Treatment Triggers in Use by Surveyed State DOT’s

32. Summary of Treatment Resets Used by Surveyed State DOT’s

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