1. BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN…
THE MIDDLE EAST

2. World Zionist Organization
Theodor Herzl (1897–1904)
1897: "called for the establishment of a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public law". The Holocaust during WWII increased support for the founding of a Jewish homeland. Hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees move to region of Palestine.

3. Palestine and the Jews: Balfour Declaration
Ottoman Empire loses control of region after WWI
League of Nations Mandate system
Balfour Declaration
Supported creating a homeland for the Jews
Allowed Jews to migrate to region during the Mandate
Arab Palestinians saw British rule and Jewish settlement as Imperialism

4. The Founding of Israel Israel officially formed May 14, 1948
One of only two multi-party democratic systems
in Middle East (Turkey)
Day after United Nations leaves, Israel is attacked by the surrounding Arab states…
Israel wins.

5. The Founding of Israel Six Day War (1967)
In response to sabotage acts aimed at
Israeli targets, Israel launched surprise
bombing raids against Egyptian air-fields.

6. The Founding of Israel Six Day War (1967)
Israeli forces take control of the
Gaza Strip
Sinai Peninsula from Egypt
the West Bank
East Jerusalem from Jordan
Golan Heights from Syria
Israel takes land from Palestinians
as a “buffer zone”.

7. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Palestinian state (country)
Yasser Arafat
Resistance group dedicated to destruction of Israel, reclaiming the land, and creating an official
Palestinian state (country)
Because of past violence, Israel considers
the PLO a terrorist group

8. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Yasser Arafat
MUNICH OLYMPICS
Because of past violence, Israel considers
the PLO a terrorist group

9. Palestinian and Arab Resistance
Yom Kippur War – (1973)
Egypt and Syria attack Israeli controlled
territories in the eve on Jewish
Religious holiday
Israel gained the upper hand, however…
The Soviet Union threatened to help the PLO
The US supported Israel and put its military
on alert
Israel maintains control of land

10. OPEC Reaction Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries an international organization headquartered in Vienna, Austria. OPEC was established in Baghdad, in 1960
Furious that the United States had supported Israel,
Arab members of OPEC organized an oil embargo
against the United States

11. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Palestinian Declaration of Independence
International recognition of the State of Palestine
has been the objective of the PLO since 1988
2012: the UN General Assembly passed a motion changing Palestine's status to "non-member observer state" by a vote of 138 to 9, with 41 abstentions.
2015: 70% of the United Nations have recognized the State of Palestine.
Many of the countries recognize the PLO as the
"representative of the Palestinian people“
Political parties: Fatah, Hamas (former Terrorist groups)
Israel and the U.S. did not recognize Palestine as a state
and maintains military control.

12. Iran and the Hostage Crisis
Shah Pahlavi
Helped to power by U.S.
Built industries
Gave oil contracts to Foreign companies
Women were educated
Recognized Israel
Secret police terrorized opponents
Sharia hardliners

13. Iran and the Hostage Crisis
Iranian Revolution – 1979
Ayatollah Khomeini
Shah violated Islamic Law
Established Islamic Republic – Sharia Law
Disbanded Secular courts
Negated Women’s rights

14. 911 September 11, 2001 19 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners
Two crashed into the World Trade Towers
One crashed into the Pentagon
One crashed into a Pennsylvania field when passengers attacked the terrorist
– The plane was headed for the White House

15. 911
September 11, 2001
About 3,000 died
Over 300 New York City firefighters and 40 police officers who ran into the buildings to help evacuate citizens

16. Hunting for the Terrorists
Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)
organized the attacks
Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistan
protected by the Taliban Regime linked to the al-Qaeda (Terrorist)

17. Hunting for the Terrorists
Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)
organized the attacks
Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistan
protected by the Taliban Regime linked to the al-Qaeda (Terrorist)
After the Taliban refused to hand Bin Laden over to the US, the US attacked Afghanistan

18. Hunting for the Terrorists
Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)
Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan military base.
United States Navy SEALs
of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group
killed Bin Laden and several others in night raid
May 2, 2011

19. Operation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors

20. Operation Iraqi Freedom
Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors
Many believed that Hussein was stockpiling Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
He threatened to use them if UN Troops came into Iraq

21. Operation Iraqi Freedom
The US launched
Operation Iraqi Freedom
March 2003

22. Impact on American Life
Terrorist attacks are no longer seen as some distant issue, but in our own backyards
Wave of anti-Muslim sentiments within the United States

23. ISIS (Isil)
American pull out of Iraq prior to 2012 elections allowed for ISIS to rise with little opposition
To Be Continued...