1. SUBMERSIBLES
With Robert Ballard
Deep floor exploration

2. SHORT HISTORY SUBMERSIBLES
Average depth of ocean is 3,700m.
Deepest Scuba dive is about 135m
Scuba limitation: cold, pressure
REALLY

3. TIME LINE
1934 Dr. William Beebe reached a depth of 1000 meters in a steel chamber called a Bathysphere ( fits 2 people).

4. Beebe’s Bathysphere His History

5. TIME LINE
10 min video

6. In 1960 a Swiss team of Auguste and Jacques Piccard, made the deepest dive in a submersible (bathyscaphe) to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (10,852 meters- 4 hrs.).

9. cameron's dive in 1 min (2min)
dive to marianna

10. 1964 - Alvin is a submersible that has logged in over 1000 dives
Alvin is a submersible that has logged in over 1000 dives. It holds a crew of 3. history of alvin
VENTS

11. 1966- ALVIN recovered hydrogen bomb Investigates hydrothermal vents
Cool Creature
COOL CREATURES
Submersable discoveries
COOL SUBS
On 17 March 1966, Alvin was used to locate a submerged 1.45-megaton hydrogen bomb lost in a United States Air Force midair accident over Palomares, Spain. The bomb, found resting nearly 910 metres (2,990 ft) deep, was raised intact on 7 April

12. restructure of alvin to 2013 6 min
50 years Alvin Part 2 Rebuild
Part 1
Part 3
restructure of alvin to min

13. Alvin

14. REVIEW
Challenger deep in Mariana Trench – deepest part of our ocean 7 miles deep
Found 350km SW of Guam
Navy used explosives to find location of challenger deep – real-time echos to map ocean floor
Beebe logged 40 dives in Bathysophere
Cameron – 2nd man to dive 7 miles (challenger deep)
Deepest scuba dive 1044ft.
Alvin discovered: Hydrogen bomb, Titanic, and Hydrothermal vents
Extremophiles – organisms living under extreme conditions Ex. Tube worms/shrimp by hydrothermal vents

16. 1979 -Dr. Sylvia Earle holds the record for the deepest solo dive- 380 meters. ( ft) in a Jim Suit
In 1979, Sylvia Earle walked untethered on the sea floor at a lower depth than any living human being before or since. In the so-called Jim suit, a pressurized one-atmosphere garment, she was carried by a submersible down to the depth of 1,250 feet below the ocean's surface off of the island of Oahu. At the bottom, she detached from the vessel and explored the depths for two and a half hours with only a communication line connecting her to the submersible, and nothing at all connecting her to the world above. She described this adventure in her 1980 book: Exploring the Deep Frontier.

18. New Suit (2 Min) The JIM suit is an atmospheric diving suit (ADS)
One Man Suit

19. The Jim Suit

20. Dr. Earle Dive (7min) Dr. Earle and deep sea diving (2 min)
Dr. Earle and exploration 11 min
#Cool creature (sea Pigs)
#Oar fish
ROV 2 min
submersible – whale
If you don't want water (other end of extreme)

21. Dr. Gallo (17 min)

22. Types of Underwater Vehicles
HOV’s – Human operated vehicles
(like Alvin)
ROV’s – Remote Operated Vehicles
Are tethered to ship
AUV’s – Autonomous Underwater vehicles
robots pre-programmed to collect data
Hybrid Vehicles – combine ROV’s with AUV’s

23. ROV and sperm whale
sample collection
Dead whale?
Dancer?

24. Cool eruption
exploring underwater lava

25. How do Modern Submersibles Explore the Ocean Floor? Eruptiong volcano
ROVs – Remote Operated Vehicles

26. JASON Robot connected by cables from a surface ship
WHAT JASON SEES 35 SEC

27. How was the Titanic Found?

28. Why were scuba divers not used to locate the resting place of the Titanic?

29. Sonar Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging.
Sonar uses a beam of sound waves directed downward
Sound wave will bounce off and return back causing an echo.
Image of bottom or object is created

30. Sonar

31. Sounding the Deepest Spot on Earth 1 min

32. JAMES CAMERON
Long Way Down 2 min
long way down 3 min

33. Summary
The development of advanced technology, in the form of submersibles, robot vehicles, and sonar equipment has opened up the fields of Marine Biology and Oceanography in a way we could never have imagined!