1. Marine environmental awareness course
Emissions to air • Ozone Depleting Substances
Name • Date and Place

2. Emissions to air • Ozone Depleting Substances
Contents
The ozone layer
Ozone depletion
The current ozone layer
The role of shipping 2
Illustration and photo: NASA and Green Award Foundation

3. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful UV radiation
Concentration of natural ozone (O3) is highest in stratosphere
Peak concentrations: 15 ppm
Illustration: ProSea

4. Ozone layer is thinning wordwide
Because of Ozone Depleting Substances emitted by humans:
CFCs, halons
refrigeration, air conditioning, fire fighting equipment, ...
Thinner ozone layer: more UV radiation reaches the Earth.
Consequences (damage of cells in living organisms):
Dangers for human health (skin cancer)
Phytoplankton is damaged
Crop damage
Illustration: NASA

5. Ozone Depleting Substances have been phased out since 1989
CFCs replaced by H(C)FCs
Still, the ozone layer is currently at its thinnest.
Why is this, do you think?
Effect of Montreal Protocol will be visible not before the middle of 21st century (lag phase)
1979
2008
Illustration: NASA

6. Role of shipping MARPOL Annex VI (Montreal Protocol)
Use of halons and CFCs is phased out
HCFCs are also phased out
ODS record book
Leaking percentages?