1. Chapter 17 The Progressive Era (1890-1920) Section 4 Roosevelt’s Square Deal
US 2
Mr. Perry

2. Graduated from Harvard in 1880 Assistant Sec of Navy
Teddy Roosevelt
Graduated from Harvard in 1880
Assistant Sec of Navy
Served in Spanish American War
NY Governor
VP under Prez McKinley in 1900

3. TR becomes President
In 1901 while President McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czogolsz in Buffalo NY at the Pan American Exposition
The assassin was Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist who had lost faith in the government
After just a few months as VP, Teddy Roosevelt was now the President of the United States

6. Roosevelt Becomes President
Assassination of McKinley
A “visible president”

7. Berryman’s political cartoon
Origin of “Teddy Bear”
The famous bear hunt in 1902
Berryman’s political cartoon

8. Early Presidential Years
Family picture at Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay on Long Island, New York
Stories of Roosevelt’s enjoyment of his children

9. President Roosevelt in the White House
1903

10. The Bully Pulpit How things “ought to be”
A bully pulpit speech in Evanston, Illinois

11. PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Square Deal
TR believed in the “capitalistic system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.
TR was a Hamiltonian but for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite.
TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists….
U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”

12. PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Square Deal
Reforms of the Progressives start with President Roosevelt….
Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following:
Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
Take the side of labor
Railroads
Limiting corruption in the workplace
Conservation

13. ECONOMIC JUSTICE TR, the “Trustbuster”
Filed more than 40 anti-trust suits using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Bureau of Corporations
Northern Securities
Standard Oil
Swift Beef
Department of Labor

14. Anthracite 1903 Coal Strike
ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Anthracite 1903 Coal Strike
Union wanted shorter days and higher wages and owners would not negotiate.
Winter, nation needed coal to heat homes.
TR calls a White House Conference.
TR threatens to send in troops to run mines
Owners back down and TR becomes the “hero” of the common working man.
Importance: First time US Govt. took the side of labor in a dispute.

15. TR’s “Square Deal”
TR’s idea of “Square Deal” meant that all people would receive equal treatment from the government
One of his 1st challenges arose when coal miners went on strike in PA (Anthracite Coal Strike)
Roosevelt intervened when the owners refused
to give in to workers demands
In the end Roosevelt used an unbiased arbitrator who granted a small pay raise to workers
He also established the Department of Commerce and Labor to monitor the actions of business and workers

16. TR Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
Railroads
Elkins Act
Hepburn Act
Food and Drug
Companies
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act

17. TR Managing the Environment Pages 572-574
Who was John Muir?
What position did Gifford Pinchot hold and what did he recommend of the environment?
What did the National Reclamation Act do?

18. TR’s Conservation Policy
125,000 acres in reserve
National Reclamation Act 1902
25 water projects
Founding of the National Park System

19. Roosevelt as Conservationist
National Parks, National Forests, game and bird preserves, and other federal reservations
230,000,000 acres
President Theodore Roosevelt at Yosemite in 1903.

20. Roosevelt and National Parks
"Leave it as it is. You can not improve on it. The ages have been at work on it, and man can only mar it."

23. CONSERVATION
Free land to Homesteaders who wanted to farm Lahontan Valley.
National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation Project.
Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets
Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation by 1914

24. TAFT'S PRESIDENCY Creation of a Dept. of Labor 8 hr. workday
Federal Children’s Bureau
Creation of a Dept. of Labor
8 hr. workday
Mann-Elkins Act
Aligns with Conservative Republicans and splits with Roosevelt’s Progressives.
Goodness gracious, I must have been dozing

25. Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Commission.
ECONOMIC JUSTICE
Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Elkins Act
Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act
Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound, Amtrak, etc.
Hepburn Act
Regulates rates for passengers and freight
Air travel cost controls
Air freight price controls

26. Roosevelt and Taft Split the Republican Party
In 1908 TR decides not to run for reelection but uses his popularity to help get his friend William Taft elected
Taft passed the Payne Aldrich Tariff, which TR wanted, but did not lower tariffs as much as TR had hoped
Taft, also a Progressive, broke up twice as many trusts(monopolies) as TR but allowed some larger trusts to remain
He was also the first President to propose a federal income tax (passed later by Wilson)

27. Roosevelt and Taft Split the Republican Party
TR would become furious when Taft fired his environmental advisor Gifford Pinchot
Pinchot had criticized Sec of Interior Richard Ballinger over the sale of coal rich land in Alaska
When TR decided to return to politics and run for President in 1912, Progressives formed their own party and backed TR
Taft would run as a Republican but neither stood much chance with the Republican vote split
The Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, Governor of NJ

28. The 1912 Election
Key
Issues

29. Ballinger-Pinochet quarrel, Angered TR's pro-conservation stand.
1912 ELECTION
TR runs against Taft for the ReTR is not nominated for the Republican nomination because the Conservatives supported Taft.
publican nomination.
Ballinger-Pinochet quarrel,
Sec. of the Interior Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to development
Angered TR's pro-conservation stand.

30. TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”……..
1912 ELECTION
TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”……..
As a result, TR splits the Republican Party and Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) will be elected.

31. No Third-Term Principle

32. Election of 1912

33. 1912 ELECTION New Nationalism New Freedom Goal: Goal:
Continuation of his Square Deal which were reforms to help the common man.
Favored a more active govt role in economic and social affairs.
Good trusts vs. bad trusts
Direct election of senators
Tariff reduction
Presidential primaries
Regulation of monopolies
End child labor
Initiative and referendum
Women’s suffrage
Goal:
Favored an active role in economic and social affairs.
Favored small businesses and the free functioning and unregulated and unmonopolized markets.
Tackle the “triple wall of privilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
Similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.

34. 1912 ELECTION

35. 1912 ELECTION

37. 1912 ELECTION Wilson’s Slogan
New Freedom: restore the free competition and equal opportunity but not through big government….
Tackle the “triple wall of privilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
16th Amendment
Underwood Tariff Bill
Federal Reserve Act
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Federal Trade Commission
Keating-Owen Act
Progressive Movement ends in 1917 with US entrance into WWI
Wilson’s time is devoted to the WWI instead of the Progressive Reforms.