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Chapter 17 The Progressive Era ( ) Section 4 Roosevelt’s Square Deal

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1 Chapter 17 The Progressive Era (1890-1920) Section 4 Roosevelt’s Square Deal
US 2 Mr. Perry

2 Graduated from Harvard in 1880 Assistant Sec of Navy
Teddy Roosevelt Graduated from Harvard in 1880 Assistant Sec of Navy Served in Spanish American War NY Governor VP under Prez McKinley in 1900

3 TR becomes President In 1901 while President McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czogolsz in Buffalo NY at the Pan American Exposition The assassin was Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist who had lost faith in the government After just a few months as VP, Teddy Roosevelt was now the President of the United States

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6 Roosevelt Becomes President
Assassination of McKinley A “visible president”

7 Berryman’s political cartoon
Origin of “Teddy Bear” The famous bear hunt in 1902 Berryman’s political cartoon

8 Early Presidential Years
Family picture at Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay on Long Island, New York Stories of Roosevelt’s enjoyment of his children

9 President Roosevelt in the White House
1903

10 The Bully Pulpit How things “ought to be”
A bully pulpit speech in Evanston, Illinois

11 PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Square Deal TR believed in the “capitalistic system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt. TR was a Hamiltonian but for the betterment of the “common man” as opposed to benefit the elite. TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists…. U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”

12 PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Square Deal Reforms of the Progressives start with President Roosevelt…. Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit” of the Presidency were the following: Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts Take the side of labor Railroads Limiting corruption in the workplace Conservation

13 ECONOMIC JUSTICE TR, the “Trustbuster”
Filed more than 40 anti-trust suits using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Bureau of Corporations Northern Securities Standard Oil Swift Beef Department of Labor

14 Anthracite 1903 Coal Strike
ECONOMIC JUSTICE Anthracite 1903 Coal Strike Union wanted shorter days and higher wages and owners would not negotiate. Winter, nation needed coal to heat homes. TR calls a White House Conference. TR threatens to send in troops to run mines Owners back down and TR becomes the “hero” of the common working man. Importance: First time US Govt. took the side of labor in a dispute.

15 TR’s “Square Deal” TR’s idea of “Square Deal” meant that all people would receive equal treatment from the government One of his 1st challenges arose when coal miners went on strike in PA (Anthracite Coal Strike) Roosevelt intervened when the owners refused to give in to workers demands In the end Roosevelt used an unbiased arbitrator who granted a small pay raise to workers He also established the Department of Commerce and Labor to monitor the actions of business and workers

16 TR Trust-busting and Regulating Industry
Railroads Elkins Act Hepburn Act Food and Drug Companies Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act

17 TR Managing the Environment Pages 572-574
Who was John Muir? What position did Gifford Pinchot hold and what did he recommend of the environment? What did the National Reclamation Act do?

18 TR’s Conservation Policy
125,000 acres in reserve National Reclamation Act 1902 25 water projects Founding of the National Park System

19 Roosevelt as Conservationist
National Parks, National Forests, game and bird preserves, and other federal reservations 230,000,000 acres President Theodore Roosevelt at Yosemite in 1903.

20 Roosevelt and National Parks
"Leave it as it is. You can not improve on it. The ages have been at work on it, and man can only mar it."

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23 CONSERVATION Free land to Homesteaders who wanted to farm Lahontan Valley. National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation Project. Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation by 1914

24 TAFT'S PRESIDENCY Creation of a Dept. of Labor 8 hr. workday
Federal Children’s Bureau Creation of a Dept. of Labor 8 hr. workday Mann-Elkins Act Aligns with Conservative Republicans and splits with Roosevelt’s Progressives. Goodness gracious, I must have been dozing

25 Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Commission.
ECONOMIC JUSTICE Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Commission. Elkins Act Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound, Amtrak, etc. Hepburn Act Regulates rates for passengers and freight Air travel cost controls Air freight price controls

26 Roosevelt and Taft Split the Republican Party
In 1908 TR decides not to run for reelection but uses his popularity to help get his friend William Taft elected Taft passed the Payne Aldrich Tariff, which TR wanted, but did not lower tariffs as much as TR had hoped Taft, also a Progressive, broke up twice as many trusts(monopolies) as TR but allowed some larger trusts to remain He was also the first President to propose a federal income tax (passed later by Wilson)

27 Roosevelt and Taft Split the Republican Party
TR would become furious when Taft fired his environmental advisor Gifford Pinchot Pinchot had criticized Sec of Interior Richard Ballinger over the sale of coal rich land in Alaska When TR decided to return to politics and run for President in 1912, Progressives formed their own party and backed TR Taft would run as a Republican but neither stood much chance with the Republican vote split The Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson, Governor of NJ

28 The 1912 Election Key Issues

29 Ballinger-Pinochet quarrel, Angered TR's pro-conservation stand.
1912 ELECTION TR runs against Taft for the ReTR is not nominated for the Republican nomination because the Conservatives supported Taft. publican nomination. Ballinger-Pinochet quarrel, Sec. of the Interior Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to development Angered TR's pro-conservation stand.

30 TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”……..
1912 ELECTION TR forms his own party called the Progressive “Bull Moose Party”…….. As a result, TR splits the Republican Party and Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) will be elected.

31 No Third-Term Principle

32 Election of 1912

33 1912 ELECTION New Nationalism New Freedom Goal: Goal:
Continuation of his Square Deal which were reforms to help the common man. Favored a more active govt role in economic and social affairs. Good trusts vs. bad trusts Direct election of senators Tariff reduction Presidential primaries Regulation of monopolies End child labor Initiative and referendum Women’s suffrage Goal: Favored an active role in economic and social affairs. Favored small businesses and the free functioning and unregulated and unmonopolized markets. Tackle the “triple wall of privilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts. Similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.

34 1912 ELECTION

35 1912 ELECTION

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37 1912 ELECTION Wilson’s Slogan
New Freedom: restore the free competition and equal opportunity but not through big government…. Tackle the “triple wall of privilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts. 16th Amendment Underwood Tariff Bill Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act Federal Trade Commission Keating-Owen Act Progressive Movement ends in 1917 with US entrance into WWI Wilson’s time is devoted to the WWI instead of the Progressive Reforms.


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