1. Bio& 241: Unit 2 Lecture 1

2. Functions of the Skeletal System
Support
Protection
Assistance in Movement
Mineral Homeostasis
Blood Cell Production
6. Triglyceride Storage
Bones interact with muscles (next unit)
Protects body cavities (which ones?)
Assistance in movement by joints
Minerals- Ca, -help with muscle function, NS function… skeletal sys is the reservoir
Long bones are hollow – store triglycerides in medullary cavity

3. Axial Skeleton (indicated by blue) Skull # of Bones Cranium: 8
Face: 14
Auditory Ossicles: 6
Hyoid 1
Vertebral Column 26
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 1
Coccyx 1
Sternum 1
Ribs 24
Axial Skeleton Total 80

4. Appendicular Skeleton
( in bone color)
Pectoral Girdle # 0f Bones
Clavicle 2
Scapula 2
Upper Extremities
Humerus 2
Ulna 2
Radius 2
Carpals 16
Metacarpals 10
Phalanges 28

5. Appendicular Skeleton
( in bone color)
Pelvic Girdle # 0f Bones
Os Coxae 2
Lower Extremities
Femur 2
Fibula 2
Tibia 2
Patella 2
Tarsals 14
Metatarsals 10
Phalanges 28
Appendicular Total 126
Skeleton Total 206

7. Another common example of a Sesamoid Bone

8. Wormian bone

9. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major Features
Head
Neck
Body

10. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major Features
Head
Neck
Body

11. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major Features
Head
Neck
Body

12. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Superior angle
Major features Angle Ramus Margin or Border
Inferior angle

13. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major features
Angle
Ramus
Margin or
Border

14. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major features
Angle
Ramus
Margin or
Border
Axillary border

15. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major features
Condyle
Epicondyle
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle

16. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Major features
Condyle
Epicondyle
Medial epicondyle

17. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Ridges
Line or Linea
Crest or Crista
Spine
Linea Aspera

18. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Crista galli
Ridges
Line or Linea
Crest or Crista
Spine

19. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Ridges
Line or Linea
Crest or Crista
Spine

20. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Processes
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Hamulus
Lesser tubercle

21. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Processes
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Hamulus
Radial Tuberosity

22. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Processes
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Hamulus
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter

23. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Processes
Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Hamulus

24. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Openings
Foramen
Meatus
Fissure
Sinus
Obturator foramen

25. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Openings
Foramen
Meatus
Fissure
Sinus
External Auditory Meatus

26. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Openings
Foramen
Meatus
Fissure
Sinus
Superior Orbital Fissure

27. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Frontal Sinus
Openings
Foramen
Meatus
Fissure
Sinus

28. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Supraspinous Fossa
Depressions
Fossa
Impression
Notch
Sulcus
Infraspinous Fossa

29. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Depressions
Fossa
Impression
Notch
Sulcus
Cerebellar impression

30. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Depressions
Fossa
Impression
Notch
Sulcus
Mandibular Notch

31. Anatomical Terms for Bone Features
Depressions
Fossa
Impression
Notch
Sulcus
Intertubercular Sulcus

33. Continuing Axial Skeleton – vertebral column
Videos: zc&index=4&list=PL50AA92C192F7B475 pqMfUM&index=5&list=PL50AA92C192F7B475 Unit 2 Youtube channel:

34. Curves
Primary –anterior curves Secondary – occur with muscle growth -Fetal development Cervical Thoracic Sacral Lumbar

35. Abnormal curves
Kyphosis – “hunchback”, increase in thoracic curve Lordosis – increase in lumbar curve Scoliosis – environmental, lateral bending of vertebral column

36. Vertebra general features
Body Neural arch/vertebral arch Pedicles – where arch meets body, project posteriorly (2) Laminae – top of arch, flat zone (keystone) Spinal/vertebral foramen Spinous process (posterior process) – for muscle attachment Transverse processes – lateral (2) Superior/Inferior articulating processes – flattened region, relation to each vertebrae bone Intervertebral foramen – vertebrae interactions form this, nerve location

37. Cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7)
Transverse foramen – unique to C vertebrae - for nerves Transverse processes horizontal Large foramen, small body C1 = atlas (Greek god held up Earth) Superior articular surface – articulates with occipital condyle of skull Inferior articular surface C2 = axis Ondontoid process/Dens – upward projection, articulates with C1 (used to body of C1, now allows for “no”

38. Thoracic vertebrae (T1 – T12)
*identify T1 – no transverse foramen (C does have) Articulate 1:1 with 12 ribs Smooth surface on body and transverse process are articulating surfaces – where rib tubercle sits Facet = where rib sits, if shares vertebrae = Demifacet As near lumbar region, more facets Broad, flat spinous processes, large bodies

39. Lumbar vertebrae (L1 – L5)
Lack rib facets and transverse formina Transverse processes become vertical Largest vertebrae, largest body (weight support)

40. Sacrum
Fused bone of 5 vertebrae Sacral promontory – superior lip Sacral foramina (pelvic and dorsal) Auricular surface – smooth superior surface for pelvis Superior articulates with L5

41. Coccyx
Fused bone 1-5 vertebrae

42. Thoracic bones - Sternum
1. Manubrium – clavicles articulate, cartilage in young people 2. Body/gladiolus 3. Xiphoid process – often remains cartilage Jugular/suprasternal notch – superior notch for veins

43. Ribs (12 pairs)
Head – connects to thoracic vertebrae Neck Tubercle – superior projections, face superior Body/shaft Costal groove – always inferior, groove on lower rib bodies Costal cartilages – hyaline cartilage, dark in color Superior ribs on superior/cephalic plane, move to lateral/flattened plane 7 true ribs (start superior)- hyaline cartilage and sternum connected 5 false ribs – cartilage attaches to cartilage of superior ribs, not sternum 2 floating ribs – no anterior attachment/costal cartilage – protect kidney posteriorly

46. The rest of the slides are for studying/review uses

48. Carpals 2. Scaphoid 3. Lunate 4. Triquetral 5. Pisiform 6. Trapezium
7. Trapezoid
8. Capitate
9. Hamate

49. Carpals Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

50. Can You Name the Carpals?

51. Tarsals Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid 5. 1st Cuneiform
2nd Cuneiform
3rd Cuneiform

52. Tarsals Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid 5. 1st Cuneiform
2nd Cuneiform
3rd Cuneiform
Tarsals

53. Can you name the Tarsals?

54. Fetal Skull
Fontanels

61. Chiasmatic groove
Sella turcica
Hypophyseal fossa