Unit 7 Shaoguan.

Unit 7 Shaoguan

I. Lead in :General introduction
II. Clear the way :Language points III. Discussion IV. Additional scenic spots VI. Proper names of Shaoguan

Shaoguan is located on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway about 221 km north of Guangzhou. Shaoguan is also readily accessible by road as it is adjacent to the Beijing-Zhuhai freeway.At Shaoguan, the Wu River from the northwest and the Zhen River from the northeast join up to create the North River (Bei Jiang) which flows south to Guangzhou. The downtown part of Shaoguan is located on a peninsula between the Wu and Zhen Rivers. The rivers are maintained at a constant level by a dam about 12 km downstream from the city. The city has about 20 km of tree-lined riverside esplanades along the banks of the rivers. There are seven bridges crossing the three rivers.The Fengcai Tower in the centre of Shaoguan was built in the Ming Dynasty.

To the south of the tower, at the other end of a pedestrian shopping street, the Dajian Monastery was founded in 660.Near Shaoguan is the town of Maba, home of relics and museum of the Maba Man, Chinese Neanderthals. Near Maba is Nanhua Temple, which was founded by Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism. The large Shaogang iron and steel factory is also located near Maba.Near Shaoguan in Renhua county is located the Danxia Mountain which is a famous scenic area.Northwest of Shaoguan, at the town of Pingshi, a dramatic stretch of river known as the Nine Torrents and Eighteen Shoals is a popular place for white-water rafting.

II. Clear the way :Language points
corrosion Noun 1. a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action (hypernym) deterioration , impairment (derivation) corrode , rust 2. erosion by chemical action (synonym) corroding , erosion (hypernym) chemical process , chemical change , chemical action (hyponym) pitting , roughness , indentation (derivation) corrode , eat , rust

cliff Noun 1. a steep high face of rock; "he stood on a high cliff overlooking the town"; "a steep drop" (synonym) drop , drop-off (hypernym) geological formation , formation (hyponym) crag

academe Noun 1. the academic world (synonym) academia (hypernym) world , domain (part-meronym) college (class) tenure

stratum Noun 1. one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism) (hypernym) layer (hyponym) epidermis , cuticle (derivation) stratify (classification) organism , being 2. an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously" (synonym) level , layer (hypernym) place

inscribe Verb 1. carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface; "engrave a pen"; "engraved the winner's name onto the trophy cup" (synonym) engrave , grave (hypernym) carve , chip at (hyponym) character (verb-group) engrave 2. register formally as a participant or member; "The party recruited many new members" (synonym) enroll , enter , enrol , recruit (hypernym) register (hyponym) enlist , draft , muster in

superlative Noun 1. an exaggerated expression (usually of praise); "the critics lavished superlatives on it" (hypernym) praise , congratulations , kudos (class) best 2. the highest level or degree attainable; "his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty"; "the artist's gifts are at their acme"; "at the height of her career"; "the peak of perfection"; "summer was at its peak"; "...catapulted Einstein to the pinnacle of fame"; "the summit of his ambition"; "so many highest superlatives achieved by man"; "at the top of his profession" (synonym) acme , height , elevation , peak , pinnacle , summit , top (hypernym) degree , level , stage , point

prosperous Adjective 1. in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich; "they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards"; "easy living"; "a prosperous family"; "his family is well-situated financially"; "well-to-do members of the community" (synonym) comfortable , easy , well-fixed , well-heeled , well-off , well-situated , well-to-do (similar) rich 2. very lively and profitable; "flourishing businesses"; "a palmy time for stockbrokers"; "a prosperous new business"; "doing a roaring trade"; "a thriving tourist center"; "did a thriving business in orchids" (synonym) booming , flourishing , palmy , prospering , roaring , thriving (similar) successful

stratum Noun 1. one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism) (hypernym) layer (hyponym) epidermis , cuticle (derivation) stratify (classification) organism , being 2. an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously" (synonym) level , layer (hypernym) place

descendent Noun 1. a person considered as descended from some ancestor or race (synonym) descendant (hypernym) relative , relation (hyponym) child (derivation) derive , come , descend Adjective 1. going or coming down (similar) descending(a)

III. Discussion 1.Where is the location of Danxia Mountain?
2.What’s the original shape of Danxia Mountain 25,000,000 years ago? 3.What are the main attractions of Danxia Mountain?

IV. Additional scenic spots :
Nanhua Temple Nanhua Temple is a Buddhist monastery of the Chan School - one of Five Great Schools of Buddhism, where the 6th Patriarch of the Chan School of Buddhism - the Great Master Hui Neng - once dwelled and spoke the Dharma. It is located 25 km southeast of Shaoguan, China. In the small city of Caoxi (漕溪), which lies in the northern part of Guangdong Province. The temple was founded during the time of the North-South Dynasties in 502 A.D by an Indian monk named Zhiyao Sanzang (智樂三藏) who originally named the site Baolin Temple (寶林寺). It received its present name in 968 during the reign of the Song Dynasty Emperor Taizong. The site was later renovated in 1934 under the leadership of Hsu Yun.

The temple covers an area of more than 42. 5 hectares (105 acres)
The temple covers an area of more than 42.5 hectares (105 acres). It consists of a set of magnificent Buddhist buildings, including the Hall of Heavenly Kings, the Grand Hall, Sutra Depository, Sixth Ancestor Hall, Lingzhao Pagoda and 690 Buddhist statues. The majestic Hall of Heavenly Kings was originally built in 1474 during the Ming Dynasty ( ) and rebuilt during the Qing Dynasty ( ).

The statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva is enshrined in the hall and the mighty statues of the four Heavenly Kings holding religious objects stand on both sides of the statue of Maitreya. Behind the hall is a three-storey bell tower which was constructed in 1301 during the Yuan Dynasty ( ). On top of the bell tower there hangs a brass bell from the Southern Song Dynasty ( ). The massive bell is 2.75 meters (9 ft) high with a diameter of 1.8 meters (5.9 ft).

The Grand Hall, constructed during the Yuan Dynasty ( ), stands in the center of the temple. Covered by glazed tiles, these gilded figures are all over 8.3 meters (27 ft) high. Within the Grand Hall there are about 500 fine clay sculptures of Buddhist arhats.

The temple holds many precious cultural relics; the most precious being the statue of Hui Neng, which is worshiped in the Sixth Ancestor Hall. There are 360 Buddhist arhats figures which are the only Chinese wooden carvings preserved from the Northern Song Dynasty ( ).

VI. Proper names of Shaoguan
Danxia Landform 丹霞地貌 Elephants crossing a River 群象过江 Chameleon 变色龙 a Young Girl blocking a River 玉女拦江 bell and drum-tower 钟鼓楼 Guanyin Shrine 观音庙 Yangyuan stone 阳元石 feminine stone 阴元石

Unit 8 Chaozhou

II. Clear the way :Language points III. Discussion IV. Additional Knowledge V. Proper Expressions

Lying in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River of Guangdong Province, Chaozhou is a famous national historical and cultural city in South China. It is higher in the north and lower in the south with hills and mountains covering 65% of the whole city, mostly in the north of Raoping and Chao'an counties. North of the city are mainly mountains, while the middle are hills and the Hanjiang alluvial plain. Starting from Fengshun County, the Hanjiang River runs to the sea via Chao'an County. The Huanggang River runs through the whole county of Raoping from north to south.Hills here are not tall but marvelous; rivers are not surging, but with beautiful scenery.

with Jinshan Mountain in the north, the Penholder Mountain in the east, the Calabash Mountain in the west and the Hanjiang River in the south, Chaozhou is a city surrounded by three mountains and a river. The well known historic sites are the Xiangzi Bridge, which is a key cultural relics site under the state protection and one of the top four ancient bridges, the other three are the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Luoyang Bridge and the Lugou Bridge; the Xu's mansion of the princess's husband, which is a rarely seen mansion architecture of the Song Dynasty ( ) and one of the Three Treasures of the ancient architecture of Chaozhou; the Kaiyuan Temple in Chaozhou, which is one of the only four extant Kaiyuan temples in China and one of the big four temples of Chaozhou; the Hanwengong Memorial Temple which is the oldest and best preserved one in China;

the Thai-style Buddhist temple with the largest land area of the like in China; the Beige Buddhist Lantern which originated in the Song Dynasty and being one of the eight major scenic spots of Chaozhou; The relics of the imperial kiln of the Song Dynasty, which is called the Village with Hundreds of Kilns; the Huanggong Memorial Temple, which is famous for its wooden carvings; the Jinsha Congxi Memorial Temple, which is claimed as the Number One in the south of the Qingling Mountain area; the Guangji city tower, which is as famous as the Yuexiushan Building of the Five Ram City;

the Ganlu Temple with a stone carving the Smiling Buddhist carved 16 meters deep the granite rock; the group of stones eroded by the ancient sea with a lot of stones like eagles, dogs, dragons and phoenixes; others like the Phoenix Pagoda, the Confucius Temple, the Wangda Tomb and the Lindaqin Tomb, etc.With a coastal line of 136 kilometers, Chaozhou is located in the subtropical zone with a subtropical oceanic climate. With an average annual temperature of 21.4oC, Chaozhou has a long summer and a short winter. No snow can be found here throughout the whole year. Chaozhou is a city with mild climate and abundant rain.

vulnerable Adjective 1. susceptible to attack; "a vulnerable bridge" (antonym) invulnerable (similar) assailable , undefendable , undefended , open (see-also) conquerable 2. susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation; "vulnerable to bribery"; "an argument vulnerable to refutation" (similar) susceptible 3. capable of being wounded or hurt; "vulnerable parts of the body" (similar) weak 4. susceptible to physical or emotional injury; "at a tender age" (synonym) tender (similar) young , immature

Resemblance Noun 1. similarity in appearance or external or superficial details (hypernym) likeness , alikeness , similitude (hyponym) mutual resemblance (derivation) resemble

authentic Adjective 1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief; "an authentic account by an eyewitness"; "reliable information" (synonym) reliable (similar) trustworthy , trusty 2. not counterfeit or copied; "an authentic signature"; "a bona fide manuscript"; "an unquestionable antique"; "photographs taken in a veritable bull ring" (synonym) bona fide , unquestionable , veritable (similar) genuine , echt

banquet Noun 1. a ceremonial dinner party for many people (synonym) feast (hypernym) dinner , dinner party (hyponym) gaudy (derivation) feast , junket 2. a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed; "a banquet for the graduating seniors"; "the Thanksgiving feast"; "they put out quite a spread" (synonym) feast , spread (hypernym) meal , repast

replenish Verb 1. fill something that had previously been emptied; "refill my glass, please" (synonym) refill , fill again (hypernym) fill , fill up , make full (derivation) refilling , replenishment , replacement , renewal

savory Adjective 1. morally respectable or inoffensive; "a past that was scarcely savory" (synonym) savoury , inoffensive (antonym) unsavory , unsavoury , offensive 2. having an agreeably pungent taste (synonym) piquant , savoury , spicy , zesty (similar) tasteful 3. pleasing to the sense of taste (synonym) mouth-watering , savoury , tasty (similar) appetizing , appetising

braising Noun 1. cooking slowly in fat in a closed pot with little moisture (hypernym) cooking , cookery , preparation

poaching Noun 1. cooking in simmering liquid (hypernym) cooking , cookery , preparation (derivation) poach

condiment Noun 1. a preparation (a sauce or relish or spice) to enhance flavor or enjoyment; "mustard and ketchup are condiments" (hypernym) flavorer , flavourer , flavoring , flavouring , seasoner , seasoning (hyponym) relish

III. Discussion 1. What’s the characteristic of Chiuchow cuisine ?
2.What’s the original place of Chiuchow cuisine ? 3.What are the famous dishes in Chiuchow cuisine?

IV. Additional Knowledge:
The Culture and language OF Chaozhou This is a unique area with its own culture that is quite different from its neighbours in Guangdong and the rest of China. It does, however, share similarities to the Minnan areas just north of Chaoshan in Fujian Province. One of the main reasons for its uniqueness is its language, called Chaozhou (also spelt Teochew).

It is said that this dialect of Chinese is one of the most difficult ones to master, as it has 8 tones compared to the 4 tones found in Mandarin. Music, opera, and food are further characteristics that distinguish Chaoshan people from the rest of Guangdong.Chaozhou Dialect, by which the Chaozhou culture conveys, is considered as one of the oldest Chinese dialects for it preserves many elegant and refined features from ancient Chinese that have been lost in some of the other modern dialects of Chinese. It is spoken by about 10 million people in local Chaozhou and approximately 2-5 million overseas.

Chaozhou Opera Chaozhou opera (潮劇) is a traditional art form which has a history of more than 500 years and is now loved by 20 million Chaozhou natives in over 20 countries and regions. Based on the local folk dances and ballads, Chaozhou opera has formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi Opera. Nanxi is one of the oldest Chinese operas that originated in the Song Dynasty. Its tunes are graceful and pleasant, full of local color. The old form of choral accompaniment still remains its special features. Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in a Chaozhou opera, and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances.

Gongfu tea , the 'espresso' of Chinese teas with a formidable kick, which was first sipped back in the Song Dynasty, is still flourishing and remains an important part of social etiquette in Chaozhou. If you visit a family, you can be sure of at least one round of Ganghu tea. Though it tastes bitter when it first reaches your mouth, it is the lingering aftertaste that makes Ganghu tea probably the most charming tea culture in China. Drinking Ganghu tea is in fact a process of aesthetics rather than a solution to thirst.

At the local teahouse, tea service is often accompanied with Chaozhou music (潮州音樂). String music, the gong and drum music, the ancient music of set flutes are the traditional play forms of Chaozhou music. Chaozhou string music is made up of mostly plucked and bowed string instruments, and on some occasions, wind instruments are used. The most characteristic instruments are the rihin (二弦), tihu (提胡) and yahu (all two-stringed bowed lutes), the sanxian, pipa, ruan, guzheng, and yangqin.

The number of instruments and performers in the ensemble is flexible and depends on the availability of instruments and musicians to play them - but to have an even and balanced texture only one of each instrument is preferred. Chaozhou drum music includes the big drum and gong, the small drum and gong, the dizi set drum and dong and su drum and gong ensembles.

The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of the Drum and Wind Music of the Han and Tang Dynasties. Chaozhou guzheng (潮州古筝) is also regarded a major genre of Southern style of Chinese guzheng.

VI. Proper Expressions Chiuchow cuisine 潮汕菜 savory dishes 美味佳肴
geographic proximity 地理相邻性 Chinese Diaspora 散居在海外的华人 steamed fish 清蒸鱼 shark fins soup 鱼翅汤 bird‘s nest soup 燕窝汤 braised goose 红烧鹅

Unit Zhaoqing

Zhaoqing City is located in the middle of Guangdong Province. It has an area of 22,322 square kilometers and a population of 5,690,000. To the south and west of Zhaoqing lies the plain area and to the east and north is the mountainous area. Flowing from west to east, is the X ijiang River. Zhaoqing belongs to the south subtropical monsoon climatic zone and the yearly average temperature is 21.9oC and annual precipitation is 1605mm. It is rich in coal, limestone, copper, lead, zinc, granite, gold, Yunfu sulphur mine, gypsum and other mineral resources. The Star Lake landscape -- places of historic interest and picturesque beauty -- is one of the State's major places of landscape and historic interest and picturesque beauty, including the Seven-Star Cliff and Dinghu Mountain. They form the scenery with hills and waters known as Limerock Pinnacle Site. In addition, there are such tourist sights and places of historic interest as Chongxi Pagoda, Song Township Walls, Tower for Reviewing the River and Baogong (the upright Judge) Memorial Temple. You will find also the traditional local specialties of flowers and plants, Chinese cinnamon, south herbal medicine, gorgon fruit and ivory carving.

Scenic Spot Area Star Lake Scenic Area This scenic area consists of Seven Star Crags and Dinghu Mountain scenic spots. It is the most famous tourist zone in Guangdong Province. The Xiannv Lake (Fairy Lake), Butterfly Valley and Qingyun Temple are the highlights of the scenic area. It provides the most beautiful lake, mountain and forest landscape of the city. the Seven-Star Crag Scenic Area consists of seven rocks, eight caves, five lakes and six hillocks, having a total area of 7.6 square kilometers and more than 80 scenic spots. It has been designated a national park. It is often described as the "Number One Wonder in South China". The picturesque landscape wins it the reputation of "Owning both limestone peaks in Guilin and the water of West Lake in Hangzhou".

Scenic Spot Area Seven Crags Stone Cabinet Rock: Inside tourists will find the largest stalactite cave among the Seven Star Crags. Tourists can also explore the lake area by rowboat. Inscriptions by notables throughout the ages can be found inside the cave. The Water Moon Palace adjacent to the Rock was built in 1636 and is the largest temple in the area. On the top of the Rock stands the Embracing-the-Moon Pavilion, and in front are the Five Dragons Pavilion and Seven Stars Bridge. Heavenly Pillar Rock: The highest peak of the Seven Star Crags. In the middle of the hill is the Heavenly Pillar Pavilion, which is below the Shooting Star Pavilion and where you can overlook the beautiful scenery of Star Lake below. Eight Caves Among them the most famous are Heiyan Cave and the Shuangyuan Cave, formed by erosion of limestone by ground waters which are interlinked with outside lake waters and never dry up. The Shuangyuan Cave, 320 meters deep, has northern and southern exits, and is gifted with stalactites of various shapes. Tourists are able to visit the Cave scenery in a boat.

Local Highlights: Folk custom: In Zhaoqing, the lion dance and the dragon dance are the most popular performances in various ceremonies and festivals. Festivals: Dragon Boat Race (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month) Special Local Products: Handicrafts: Duanxi Inkstone, Nine Dragons Treasure Tripod, jade articles Foods: Zhaoqing Gorgon Fruit, oranges, Ba Ji (Morinda Root)

Tourist Tips: Visitors can get to Foshan and Guangzhou within two hours from the Zhaoqing passenger transport terminus. There are also many buses running to Shenzhen and Zhuhai taking about 3.5 and 4.5 hours. In addition, a water route from the Port of Zhaoqing to Guangzhou, Foshan and Hong Kong provides more options for visitors. It will take four hours from Zhaoqing to Hong Kong by train or by ship. The commercial area centered on Tianning Road (North) and 3rd Jianshe Road is the busiest section of the city, with many marketplaces, stores and cinemas. It is an excellent shopping destination.

Seven-Star Crags

Seven-star Crags

Star Lake- Spring

Star Lake

Star Lake- Summer

limestone

Star Lake lights

Star Lake

Star Lake- night view

Star Lake- Dawn

limestone n. [u] a type of rock containng CALCIUM and other substances 石灰岩 the Plough: esp. BrE – n. a group of seven bright stars seen only from the northern part of the world 北斗七星 array v. fml or lit to set in order 使排列成阵 exquisite a. very finely made or done; extremeely beautiful or skilful 优雅的，精美的 afar ad. Lit at a distance; far off 在远处，遥远地 encircle v. to surround; form a circle round围绕，环绕 resemble v. (in) not in pregressive forms to look like or be like 类似，相似 The Big Dipper: esp. AmE – n. a group of stars 北斗七星

9. inlaid a. (in,into) set decoratively into another substance 嵌入的，镶入的
10. boundless a. without limits 无限的，无量的 11. induce v. fml to cause or produce 引起, 导致 12. The Milky Way: the pale white band of stars that can be seen across the sky at night 银河 13. fantastic a. extremely great or large 极大的 14. reverie n. fml (a state of ) pleasant thoughts and dreams while awake; daydream幻想，白日梦 15. overgrown a. (with) covered esp. with plants growing uncontrolled 长满（野生植物）的 16. dense a. closely packed or crowded together 密集的，稠密的 17. sub-tropical a. (also semitropical ) of or situated to anarea near the tropics 亚热带的，副热带的

18. tortuous a. twisted; winding; full of bends 弯弯曲曲的，曲折的
19. pitch-dark a. completely black or dark 漆黑的，极黑的 20. draught n. a current of cold air flowing through a room 冷气流，穿堂风 21. erosion n. the process of eroding 腐蚀，侵蚀 22. interlink v. (with) to join (things) together or (one thing) with something else 把…(与…)连结在一起 23. stalactites n. a sharp downward pointing part of a cave roof, like an icicle, formed over a long time by mineral-containing water dropping from the roof (中乳洞中的）钟乳石 24. partition v. (into) to divide into two or more parts 分割, 划分 25. winding a. having a twisting turning shape 弯曲的, 曲折的, 盘绕的

26. embankment n. a wide wall of stones or earth built to keep a river from overflowing its banks or to carry a road or railway over low ground 堤岸, 堤围 27. perimeter n. the border round any enclosed flaat space or special area of ground, esp. a camp or airfield 四周, 周围, 周边 28. pavilion n. a large structure, lightly built and intended to be used for only a short time, used for public amusements or exhibitions 亭 29. fascinating a. extremely interesting and charming 迷人的, 有极大吸引力的 30. lush a. (of a plant, esp. grass) growing very well, thickly, and healthily 繁茂的, 茂盛的, 郁郁葱葱的 31. perilous a. esp. lit very dangerous; risky 危险的 32. cliff n. a high very steep face of rock, ice, etc. esp. on a coast 悬崖, 峭壁 33. brocade n. [u] decorative cloth with a raised pattern of gold or silver threads 织锦, 锦缎

III. Discussion 1.What’s the original name of zhaoqing?
2.What are the neighbouring areas of zhaoqing? 3.What are the main attractions of zhaoqing?

IV. Additional scenic spots : 1. Mount Dinghushan
Dinghu Mountain is known as a living nature museum and a green treasure house. With abundant plant species, it is home to over 500 species of high-class plants, including 23 rare species in imminent danger under state protection. It is also home to various kinds of animals, including 178 species of birds and 38 species of animals, 15 species of which are under state protection. Dinghu Mountain has been well-known for its deep and serene gorges, cold and clean waters, major scenic areas. Heavenly Brook-Qingyun Scenic Area includes the Hundred Buddha Cave, Green Trees Surrounded by Clouds, Flying Waterfalls of the Dragon Pond, and Double Rainbows, etc.. The Dinghu-Tianhu Scenic Area boasts the Black Dragon Playing Pearls, Dragon Mother Borrowing a Vessel, Exploring the Heavenly Lake, and so on; and Yunxi-Laoding Scenic Area has the traces of bottle gourds, Water Curtain Cave, Dragon Hidden in the Ancient Pond, White Clouds Embracing Ancient Trees, etc.

鼎湖山- 九龙湖

鼎湖山- 黄金沟

鼎湖山-清湖

鼎湖山-瀑布

2. Deqing Panlong Gorge Deqing town is mother dragon’s hometown. The Panglong Gorge touring region occupies over 2000 hectares, and the central area is 650 hectares. Panglong gorge is long, deep with lot of green plants, and is abundant of water all the time. Deqing Panlong Gorge Scenic Area mainly consists of Panlong Gorge, Feifeng Pond, two-dragon pond, waterwheels, warrior drift and Huang Daopo Weaving Village.

Deqing Panlong Gorge

Waterfalls

Waterwheels

Warrior drift

Warrior Drift

Huang Daopo Weaving Town

Panlong Village

Scenic Spot Area Panlong Gorge Why is the gorge named “Panglong”? The mother dragon has 5 sons, the youngest son is very naughty and often makes his mother angry. One day mother dragon is furious with her little son, so she sent her little naughty boy to this gorge for meditation. Sometimes his elder brother will also come here to visit this little naughty kid. Attracted by the beautiful scenery, the two dragons are entrenched in this gorge and help local people for rains. Thus this gorge is named “Panlong Gorge” Feifeng Pond “Feifeng” means flying phoenix. Once the two dragon brothers want to present an unique birthday gift to their mother dragon, so they invite their good friend, a phoenix, and showed a 7-color cloud sky dancing together. After the party show, the phoenix followed the two dragon brothers and had a vacation in this gorge. The place the phoenix lived at that time is this pond, so today we name here “Feifeng Pond”. River drifts There are two different kinds of river drifts: one is “bamboo raft floating”, the water speed is slow and the watercourse is flat and smooth, you may enjoy the beautiful views on both sides leisurely. Another one is “warrior drift”: the watercourse is 3.8km long, full of rocks, fierce up-and-down with riptide, the total fall is 100m. It’s a good test to our warrior’s courage.

Scenic Spot Area Waterwheels There are totally 62 units waterwheels. In ancient China, it is used for irrigation, rice or flour powder production. Huang Daopo Weaving Town The loom and other weaving wares in this hut show Chinese ancient weaving know-how 700 years ago. At that time, the local people were nearly naked only with few tree leaves and barks, and winter was really hard time for them, many froze to die. Until a lady named “Huang Dao Po” （黄道婆）brought the weaving skill here, did the local people have clothes to wear.

V. In- class acvitity: Translation
1.七星岩位于广东省肇庆市北郊，七座陡峭的岩峰，布列似北斗七星, 四周是碧水平湖，又称“星湖”。 2.从远方高处眺望，被环抱在一片浩渺的平湖秀水中的七星岩，宛若天上的北斗点缀在茫茫的银河之中，给人以无限的遐想。 3.最著名的是黑岩洞和双源洞。由地下河形成，终年积有水，而且水内外相通。 4.星湖被蜿蜒曲折如同缎带的绿堤划分为五个大小不同情趣各异的湖。 5.七星岩，是“山青.水秀.峰峻.洞奇”。

Translate them into Chinese
6. The lake area measures 8 square kilometers with the seven crags of similar sizes closely arrayed, looking charming and exquisite. 7. The lake scenic spots include seven crags, eight caves, and six ridges. Each of the caves has its own different characteristics: some are deep, tortuous and pitch-dark; some brightly-lit with their entrances located at the halfway down from the crag tops, and others filled with clear waters and cold draughts. 8. The four outer lakes linked with one another in water are as clear and smooth as a mirror with the embankments covered with flowers in full bloom, brilliant as brocade.

Keys to the exercises 1. Seven Star Crags is located on the northern outskirts of Zhaoqing city of Guangdong Province. Seven limestone crags stand in the formation of "the Plough" by the blue lake, hence the name of "Star Lake". 2. Seen from afar and at a height, the Crags encircled by a vast expanse of lovely waters resemble "The Big Dipper" inlaid upon boundless Milky Way, inducing fantastic reveries. 3. Among them the most famous are Heiyan Cave and the Shuangyuan Cave, formed by erosion of limestone by ground waters which are interlinked with outside lake waters and never dry up. 4. The Star Lake is partitioned into five lakes of different sizes by the winding green embankment. 5. The Seven-Star Crags is famous for its "lush mountain, exquisite waters, perilous cliffs and fascinating caves".

6. 湖区8平方公里，七座大小.高矮相差无几的岩峰紧凑排列，小巧玲珑倒更显出妩媚娇娆。
Keys to the exercises 6. 湖区8平方公里，七座大小.高矮相差无几的岩峰紧凑排列，小巧玲珑倒更显出妩媚娇娆。 7. 星湖有“七岩八洞六岗”。星湖的“八洞”各具特色，有的曲折深幽.漆黑无光；有的洞中有洞，光线充足；有的盘环高上，洞穴位于岩峰腰间；有的清水盈盈，凉风习习。 8. 里湖外围的四个大湖彼此相通，湖水常年澄清如镜，湖堤繁花似锦。

VI. Match the two columns
1. fantastic reveries 2. be interlinked with 3. be partitioned into 4. The Milky Way 5. lush mountain 6. the winding green embankment 7. The Big Dipper 8. inlaid with a.北斗七星 b.划分成 c.无限的遐想 d.点缀, 镶嵌 e.与……相连 f.郁郁葱葱的山冈 g.蜿蜒曲折的绿堤 h.银河

VII. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of given words
array exquisite encircle resemble fascinating partition lush interlink induce tortuous 1.The boys ______ each other in that they both have ginger hair and round faces. 2.A ______ road is a twisting turning one. 3.The enemy forces were ______ on the opposite hill. 4.Nothing would ______ Elizabeth to give up the cause of education. 5.Many artificial satellites ______ the earth today. 6.Talking to him was like playing upon an ______ violin. 7. The bones are ______ via the muscle. 8. The large room was ______ into five offices 9. This is a ______ city full of ancient buildings. 10. The hilly areas make good sheep pasture; sheep will batten on the ______ grass.

Keys to the exercises VI. c 2. e 3. b 4. h 5. f 6. g 7. a 8. d VII. resemble turtuous arrayed 4. induce 5.encircle 6. exquisite 7. interlinked 8. partitioned 9. fascinating 10. lush

The End

Unit 10 Jiangmen

Jiangmen City covering sq meters is situated in the mid-south of Guangdong Province, west of the Pearl River Delta. Among the 290 thousands of population, 90% of them are overseas Chinese from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan constituting about 10% of the total overseas Chinese of China, so it is a very famous overseas homeland of China. Jiangmen area is the subtropical zone monsoon climate, its annual precipitation is 2000 millimeters and the annual average temperature is 21.8. Jiangmen is the hub of communications of the south part of Guangdong Province and the water-land transshipment station between Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Hainan. The Jiangmen port is the second biggest river port of Guangdong. Xijiang and Tanjiang waterways in the area provide the convenience of river-sea transport: there is a navigable way to Guangzhou, Wuzhou of Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macao, 95 nautical miles to Hong Kong, 53 nautical miles to Macao. State Highway 325 running from Guangzhou to Zhanjiang crosses the city. Foshan-Kaping Expressway, and Jiangmen-Heshan Expressway have been put to traffic.

Jiangmen is a fine city for tourism in China with major tourist spots like Donghu Amusement Park, Baishuidai Tourist Holidaying Area, Chen Baisha Memorial Hall, Cha An Temple, Guyuanzhou, Hongsheng Temple, the Birds Paradise of Xinhui, Yamen Fort, Ciyuan Temple of Yashan, the Old Residence of Liang Qichao, the scenic spots of Guifengshan, Chishi Tourist Scenic Spot, Gudoushan Tourist Scenic Spot, the Tourist Holidaying Areas of Shangchuan and Xiachuan Islands, Taishan Hot Spring, Shihuashan Scenic Spot, Aofengshan Tourist Spot of Enping, Jinshan Hot Spring, Didu Hot Spring Dayanshan Scenic Spot of Heshan, Li Garden of Kaiping and Liangjinshan Tourist Spot, etc.

Scenic Spot Area Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Liyuan Garden
Guifeng Mountain National Forest Park Xinhui Bird’s Paradise

Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, located in Kaiping City, Guangdong Province, were approved as a national cultural heritage site in 2001, and were listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in June The Kaiping Diaolou are fortified multi-storied tower-like structures that exquisitely integrate the Western architectural style with the Chinese architectural style.

Kaiping Diaolou & Villages

Kaiping Diaolou The beautiful Diaolou
The majestic Diaolou of Kaiping with square windows is tinged with rosy sunshine.

The Diaolous of Kaiping with Roman domes touch the floating clouds
Beautiful Diaolou The Diaolous of Kaiping with Roman domes touch the floating clouds

The Unique Features of Diaolou
The unique Ruishi Diaolou of Kaiping features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome supported by walls and pillars.

Typical Structure in Kaiping
Ruishi Diaolou of Kaiping with square windows and the top three floors of pavilions and winding corridors

The Reflection of Diaolou
The simple gray Diaolous of Kaiping stand against the blue sky like old men telling what had happened in the past.

Diaolou Structure in Kaiping
The simple Diaolou of Kaiping blends perfectly with the rustic landscape

Tour Guide Built in the late period of the Ming Dynasty ( ), the Kaiping Diaolou is a special complex representing a mixed style of Chinese and western architecture. With the development of the overseas Chinese culture in the early 20th century, the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages became a highlight of the regional culture. Actually, the blockhouse-like constructions used to be the sheltering harbors of the local residents. On average, each village has at least one Diaolou building and there are totally 1,833 buildings. It is suggested that the best way to travel the villages is by bike. Here are two itineraries for visitors to choose: the first one, to go through the Chikan Town, Baihe Town and Xiangang Town; the other one, to visit the Tangkou Town. Especially, when you travel in Tangkou Town, the Liyuan Garden of Kaiping is worth visiting. It was a private garden built by an overseas Chinese man named Xie Weili in 1926 and it took ten years to complete the entire garden. Covering an area of over 4.8 acres, the garden has the feature of Chinese traditional garden and the western architecture.

Liyuan Garden Li Garden was a built by an Overseas Chinese American,Mr.Xie Wei Li,around 1926 and finished in 1936.The garden blends harmoniously the elements of Chinese traditional gardening,Southern China water-town style landscaping and Western architecture.The garden is arranged in three main areas:grand garden,mansions and small garden .Each area is carefully separated by man-made canals while connected elegantly by footbridges and pathways.The design of the garden reflects the idea of isolation and integration. The entrance of the grand garden has a stone arched-gate which declares the residency of the Xie family in two large,handwritten characters, “Li Garden”.The grand garden incorporates a walk-in size birdcage,a small pond and a flower pavilion along with various trees and plants.Standing in the grand garden are two steel poles called the “tiger whip”which were built to scare away evil spirits.

Liyuan Garden

Vine pavilion The small garden is a naturalistic garden bulit at the foot of Tiger Hill and filled with the rich foliage of trees and plants.The small garden is used for relaxation and as a family playground for children.

Tiger Moutain The State council placed Li Garden on the list of the National Cultural Relics.Li Garden was rated an AAAA grade tourist site by the National Tourist Bureau.

Stairs in PanLi Mansion

Evening Scene

Diaolou Clusters There are many diaolou clusters in Kaiping, including Chikanzhen Yinglong Lou, Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster, Zilicun Diaolou Cluster and Fangshi Denglou. Chikanzhen Yinglong Lou is the oldest preserved diaolou in Kaiping. It was built during the reign of Emperor Wangli of the Ming Dynasty ( ). It is located in Sanmenli Village, Chikanzhen Township, about six kilometers (about four miles) east of downtown Kaiping. 'Yinglong' in Chinese means 'welcoming or greeting dragons'. In the Chinese culture, the dragon is the symbol of auspiciousness. The name 'Yinglong' implies that the construction of the diaolou will bring people safety, fortune and happiness. Yinglong Lou retains the primitive model of diaolou. It is a traditional square structure and is not influenced by western architectural styles.

Diaolou Clusters Zilicun Diaolou Cluster consists of nine diaolous. It is located in Zilicun Village, Tan Gkou Township, Kaiping City. Its residential houses are compatible with the surroundings. The most exquisite diaolous in Kaiping are located in the Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster. It is situated at Jinjiangli Village, Xianggang Township, northeast of Kaiping. Behind the village stand Ruishi Diaolou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou. Ruishi Diaolou is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping. The diaolou, a unique structure, not only symbolizes the fusion of Chinese and Western architectural styles, but also embodies the assimilation of two different cultures.

Zili Village and the Fang Clan Watch Tower
Zili Villagelies in Tangkou Township, Kaiping City, about 25 kilometres east of downtown Kaiping.It is situated on the west bank of the Zhenhai River, a tributary of the Tanjiang River, in the middle of a flat, irrigated plain. The village consists of three separate sub-village areas. There are 82 village houses, occupying (with their intervening areas of open space, lanes, etc) 83,224 square metres. Of these, the first Heanli has 19 houses, occupying 17,550 square metres, the second Heanli has 50 houses occupying 56,730 square metres, and Yong’anli has 13 houses occupying 8,944 square metres. The present resident population is 179, in 63 households, with 248 villagers currently living overseas, mostly in the U.S.A, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Most of today’s farming households in Zili Village have relatives living overseas. Remittances from abroad are an important economic element in the life of the residential household. The life-style of the villagers is simple, honest, dignified, optimistic, open-minded, and unsophisticated.

The Fang Clan Watch Tower
The Fang Clan Watch Tower is built about 1.5 kilometres south of Zili Villageon top of a hill. It was built communally by Zili Village and several other Fang clan villages in the vicinity of Zili Village in the 9th Year of the Republic (1920). These various villages all donated money to the construction.

the Diaolou in Zili Village

Mingshi Lou, Zili Village The hall in the 1st floor of Mingshi Lou

The Yunhuan Lou

The Distant view of The Fang Clan Watch Tower

The Historic Town of Chikan
Chikan is ancient town established during the Qing Dynasty under the governance of Emperor Shunzhi . with 350 years of history chikan evolved from a country market place into the business competition between the Guan and situ families . Memorial family libraries were built by each family and both libraries became landmarks of chikan. The streets and buildings in chikan, as they currently exist, were mostly built during the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th cenruty and by Overseas Chinese returning to their villages. The overseas Chinese incorporated elements of Western architecture into their new homes . The buildings were three-story structures with a store front on the street level and two residential upper floors. Although the buildings did not have much decorative details,each building was built with a balcony facing the Tanjiang River which flowed along and divided the town . the balcony called Qilou in local dialect became a prominent architectural feature in chikan .

Hightlights: While chikan evokes fond memories of a past glorious life ,it is still very lively with delicious local foods , folk arts, fishing boats, old banyan trees ,600 old Qilou builings and friendly people , it is a town with a unique presence in the middle of the surrounding crop fields and Tanjiang River.

Tanjing River and Streetscape of Qilou Buildings

The Bridge beyond Tanjiang River

Foreign Family in Chikan

The Family in Chikan

township n. a town or town and the area around it, that has certain powers of local government 市镇 nominate v. (for, as) to suggest or name (someone) officially for a position, office, duty, honour, etc. 提名，推荐； application n. (for, to) (the act of making) a request, esp. officially and in writing (尤指正式和书面的) 申请，请求 world cultural heritage 世界文化遗产 demonstrate v. to show or describe clearly 表明，示范，演示 representative a. (of) typical; being an example of what other members of the same group 典型的，代表性的 booming a. growing rapidly in activity, value or importance 繁荣的，兴盛的

8. combine v. (with) to join together, to form a single unit or whole; unite (使)结合，(使)组合，(使)合并
9. indicate v. to point out, draw attention to; to show or make clear, esp. by means of a sign 表示；指明 10. various a. of (many) different kinds 各种各样的 11. value n. the usefulness, helpfulness, or importance of something; the worth of something in money 重要性，益处；价值 12. defence n. the act or process of defending 防御，防卫，保护 13. dwelling n. fml or humor a house or flat, etc., where people live 住所，住处，寓所 14. joint defence 共同防御 15. function v. [I] (esp. of a thing) to be in action; work; operate 发挥作用，运行

16. funds n. a supply or sum of money set apart for a special purpose 基金，专款
17. bandit n. an armed robber, esp. one of an armed band who attack travellers in wild places 强盗，土匪 18. seal v. to fasten or close (as if) with a seal 封装，封 19. symbol n. (of) something which represents or suggests something else, such as an idea or quality 象征；标记，符号，记号 20. colonnade n. a row of pillars (=upright stone posts) usu. supporting a roof or row of arches 柱廊 21. terrace n. a flat area next to a house usu. with a stone floor, used as outdoor living area平台，阳台；屋顶平台 22. receding a. sloping backwards; moving back or away 向后倾斜的;后退的

23. over-hanging a. hanging over (something) or sticking out over (something) 悬在……之上; 突出于……之上
24. lime-sand-clay towers 泥楼，夯土楼 25. reflect v. to express, make clear, or be a sign of; show 反映 26. aesthetic a. of or showing a highly developed sense of beauty, esp. in art 美学(上)的; 美感的 27. impact n. (on) an esp. strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced by an idea, invention, event, etc. 作用, 影响 28. external a. (to) on, of, or for the outside; foreign 外国的；外面的 29. reinforce v. to add strength or support to; make stronger or firmer 加强, 加固 30. cement n. a grey powder, made from lime and clay 水泥

III. Discussion 1.What’s the administrative division of jiangmen?
2.What are the main attractions of Jiangmen? 3. What are the features of Kaiping Diaolou and villages?

Kaiping Diaolou and Villages

Ruishi WatchTower

The Tianlu Lou

Liyuan Garden

Ruishi Watchtower The Ruishi Watchtower is located behind Jinjiangli village, Xiangang town. Covering an area of 92 square meters, Ruishi Watchtower was constructed in 1923 and has nine floors, making it the highest watchtower in Kaiping City. Each floor has delicate window decorations; on the top three floors there are pavilions and winding corridors. You can see the unique Byzantine style roof and Romanesque dome supported by walls and pillars.

Ruishi WatchTower

Ruishi Watch Tower

Sanmenli Village

The Majianglong Village Cluster

Jinjiangli Village

The Ruishi Lou is built close to the east side of the Jinjiang Lou and is close to the main access path to the village. It was built by Huang Bixiu, a villager of Jinjiang Lou, in the 12th Year of the Republic (1923). He returned from Hong Kong to build it. The tower is nine storeys (28.37 metres) high. With the courtyard in which it stands it occupies square metres, and its built floor area is square metres. The Ruishi Lou is built of reinforced concrete. The cement, steel bars, glass, timber, and other materials used in the construction were all imported from Hong Kong. The total cost came to HK$30,000.

IV. Additional scenic spots : 1. Xinhui Bird Paradise
Birds' Paradise in Xinhui of South China's Guangdong Province is a place where hundreds of thousands of birds flock throughout the year. The tropical natural scenery at Xinhui Bird's Paradise offers urban dwellers peace of mind. The year-long warm climate offers an ideal refuge for birds from north China and the nearby South China Sea. The area has in recent years become a well-known ecological travel spot thanks to the flourishing birds' habitat and lakeside landscape. About 380 years ago, a banian with more in the river has been multiplied for a long time, and now it forms a natural beautiful scenic spot. Its branches and leaves cover some 10,000 square meters, there are thousands of bird live in the banian. In 1933, a renowned literti --- Mr. Bajin had written a lyric prose. "The Bird's Paradise" after he visited such marvelous scenery by boat. The Bird's Paradise is named after that nowadays, and it was later selected as a text book for primary students. Since then, Birds' Island has gone from strength to strength in the popular imagination. Visitors are not allowed to set foot on the island.

Xinhui Paradise for Birds

A 500-year-old banyan tree with luxuriant foliage covers a hectare in area, making it an ideal home for more than ten species of birds, most of which are the white cranes and the gray cranes.

Rongyin Waterway

Giant Banyan Tree

Guanniao Corridor

Guanniao Lou

Bird’s Paradise

Bird’s paradise

Bird’s Paradise

2. Guifeng Mountain The mountain is situated in Xinhui District and this famous scenic spot has elevated to a national forest park and ranks as one of the famous tourist zones in Guangdong. The lofty mountains, emerald forest and lakes give the mountain endless vigor. There are regular buses passing by the mountain in Jiangmen General Bus Station and Xinhui General Bus Station in Xinhui District.

Situated in Xinhui district in Jiangmen City, Guifeng Mountain National Forest Park is ranked as one of the most famous mountains in Guangdong Province. The scenic spots worth visiting include Yutai Temple, Jade Lake, and Palm Art Garden. The red autumn leaves of Guifeng Mountain are comparable to those of Fragrant Hills Park of Beijing because there are extensive areas of maple trees. Every fall, the mountain is covered with scarlet leaves and the magnificent view attracts numerous visitors.

Scenic Spot Area 1. Yutai Temple Yutai Temple is one of the four most famous temples of Guangdong. It was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) and reached its heyday in the Tang Dynasty ( ). The sublime temple has many imposing Buddhist structures, including the Hall of Heavenly Kings, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Hall of Great Hero, Sutra Depository, Kwan-yin Hall and Zendo. The Tianwang (Heavenly King) Pagoda, built during the Yuan Dynasty ( ), is the only Lama pagoda of Guangdong Province. Ruquan (Milk Spring) Well is a miracle of the Guifeng Mountain and you can find it not far from the Yutai Temple. The constant spring is cool and sweet, and it is a mystery that the ivory-white water has the taste of milk, which is especially obvious in winter.

Scenic Spot Area 2. Jade Lake The Jade Lake is the main tourist resort and a place of recreation. A delicately elegant pavilion, which resembles a blooming flower, lies in the center of the lake. There are arch bridges among the rockworks in the lake, and tourists can swim and boat in the lake or have a walk along the banks to appreciate the picturesque scenery. The lake becomes especially charming at night with sparkling bonfires and colorful shining lights. The national forest park also has a well-equipped sports park on a grand scale, providing ice-skating, rowing, grass-skiing, rock-climbing, go-karting and other popular sports, as well as barbecues. 3. Palm Art Garden The Palm Art Garden is the only garden in the world which features palm art. The garden represents the more than 1,000-year history palm art of Xinhui City. Watching the live production of palm art handicrafts, you will experience the intricacy of palm art and appreciate the outstanding creations.

Tour Tips: 1. Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport has opened the Airport Express which greatly shortens the trip to the airport to circa 110 minutes. Visitors can check in ahead of time in the airport terminal established by the Baiyun Airport in Jiangmen City. In addition, the completion of the Jiangmen-Zhuhai Expressway makes the journey to Zhuhai Airport reduce from previous two hours to one hour. All these greatly facilitate the transport getting in and out of Jiangmen. 2. Jiangmen to Hong Kong and Macau ferry terminal lies in the Jiangmen Hi-tech Development Zone. Every day, there are three ships to Hong Kong and one to Macau. Due to the public holidays of Hong Kong, ships between the ferry terminals of Jiangmen and Hong Kong will rearrange the ships.

Yutai Temple

Jade Lake

Jake Lake

Guifeng Mountain National Forest Park in Jiangmen

Maple Trees

Jade Lake

Palm Art Garden

V. In- class acvitity: Translation
1. 这些是开平碉楼建筑鼎盛时期最古老、最具代表性的碉楼。 2、开平碉楼的主要功能是防御和居住，按使用功能可以分为更楼，众楼和居楼三种类型。 3、更楼大多建在村口，村外的山岗或河岸，主要起到预警的作用。 4、碉楼的建筑造型反映着楼主人的经济实力、审美情趣和受外来建筑文化影响的程度，这是开平碉楼最引人入胜的地方。 5、若从建筑材料和结构来分，碉楼可以分为四种：石楼、夯土楼、砖楼、混凝土楼。

6. The five nominated places listed for application for world cultural heritage are located in these four townships. 7. Such towers well combine the two purposes. High, spacious and nice-looking as well as convenient for living, they are usually the symbols of a village. 8. The upper part of the Diaolous is built in the form of colonnade, terrace, receding terrace, over-hanging, castle and mixture of different styles. 9. The Communal Towers were built in the rear part with the funds raised by all villagers or many households. Each family had one room to hide themselves in case of bandits' attack. Such towers were built in a sealed and simple way for the purpose of defence. 10. The early brick towers were of brick-wood structure. Later, they were mostly of brick-concrete structure. The steel reinforced concrete buildings were mostly seen in the plain areas.

Keys to the Exercises 1.These are the earliest and most representative Diaolous built in their most booming time. 2. The Kaiping Diaolou mainly served the purposes of defence and dwelling. According to their functions, Diaolous are divided into three types: Night Watchtowers, Communal Towers and Dwelling Towers. 3. The Night Watchtowers were mostly built at the entrance of the villages, on the hill or beside the river outside the village. 4. The appearance of Diaolous reflects the economic strength of the owner, aesthetic taste and the impact of external culture. This is the most interesting part of the Diaolous. 5. From building materials and structure, Kaiping Diaolous can be divided into stone towers, lime-sand-clay towers, brick towers and steel reinforced concrete towers.

6. 五个已申报世界文化遗产名录的碉楼就座落在这四个乡镇。 7
6. 五个已申报世界文化遗产名录的碉楼就座落在这四个乡镇。 7. 它们很好地结合了碉楼的防卫和居住两大功能，楼体高大，空间较为开敞，造型美观大方，生活设施比较完善，起居方便。它们往往成为村落的标志。 8. 根据上部造型，可以将开平碉楼分为柱廊式、平台式、退台式、悬挑式、城堡式和混合式等多种式样。 9. 众楼则建在村后，由全村人家或若干户人家集资共同兴建，每户分房一间，为临时躲避土匪使用。其造型封闭、简单，外部的装饰少，防卫性强。 10. 早期的砖楼是砖木结构。后来，大部分就改用砖泥结构。混凝土楼在平原地区多见。

VI. Match the two columns
1.lime-sand-clay tower 2.world cultural heritage 3.joint defence 4. Communal Towers 5. steel and cement 6. Night Watchtowers 7. booming time 8. Dwelling Towers a.众楼 b.繁盛时期 c.更楼 d.世界文化遗产 e.居楼 f.共同防御 g.钢筋水泥 h.泥楼

VII. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of given words
nominate demonstrate representative function various impact symbol reflect reinforce application 1.The full ______ of the news hit us several days later. 2.The book ______ the author’s own thoughts on the matter. 3.His abilities were very great and very ______. 4.The tiger is a common ______ of the cat family. 5._____ concrete has metal embedded in it to make it stronger. 6.The fireman ______ great courage in saving the child. 7.The lion is often used as a ______ of courage. 8.They ______ four people for president. 9.He had no choice but to approve the ______ for membership. 10.When her mother was ill, the girl had to ______ as both cook and nurse.

Keys to the Exercises VI. h 2. d 3. f 4. a 5. g 6. c 7. b 8. e VII.
impact 2. reflected 3. various 4. representative Reinforced 6. demonstrated symbol 8. nominated application 10. function

The End

Shenzhen Hongkong Unit 13 Hong Kong

It would be hard to find a more exciting city than Hong Kong. Set among beautiful natural surroundings it has all the benefits of a thriving and vibrant commercial center. Here you can find the delights of modern living alongside an abundance of reminders of its historic past. Whether you visit the better known highlights like the stunning Ocean Park, the fantastic viewpoint of Victoria Peak or the beautiful Repulse Bay , Hong Kong is certain to exceed your expectations.

Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of PRC, has grown from what was a simple fishing village into the world's fourth largest banking and financial center and eighth largest trading economy. Situated in the southeast corner of China, Hong Kong occupies an area of 1,104 square kilometers (about 426 square miles) and is home to more than 6,970,000 people. Most people (about 97% of the population) are Chinese and speak Cantonese and English, although Mandarin is becoming more popular in Hong Kong now. Most tourism personnel and taxi drivers can communicate with tourists in English. The most common religions are Buddhism and Christianity.

Hong Kong is made up of four parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories and the Outlying Islands. Hong Kong Island is the center of economy, politics, entertainment and shopping. Northern Hong Kong Island is the main commercial, shopping and entertainment area; the residential area is located in Eastern Hong Kong Island; and Southern Hong Kong Island known for its sea shores and bays. Kowloon is another flourishing part of Hong Kong. Above all, Causeway Bay, Wan Chai , Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok are the most popular areas. These areas are busy day and night, and tourists can feel secure enjoying the lively nightlife, because Hong Kong is one of the most secure cities in the world. The New Territories and Outlying Islands are ideal places to experience a peaceful and natural Hong Kong.

It is the dynamic Hong Kong that provides the environment in which the richest Chinese listed in Forbes directory do business. The city also is the backdrop for modern movies and pop music that together enjoy worldwide recognition. Home of Kongfu heroes like the late Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, Hong Kong continues to attract more and more ambitious would-be stars and entrepreneurs.

From Yum Cha (tea and dim sum) in the morning to a moon lit view from the top of Victoria Peak or stunning night time harbor cruise, mingling with shoppers in the numerous malls and markets around Tsim Sha Tsui , tasting delicacies at dai pai dong, taking a trip in a sampan or high speed ferry, Hong Kong will guarantee its visitors an unforgettable experience. There will always be something to enchant you and quite probably make you fall in love with this unique place, be it sightseeing, shopping, dining or simply exploring its many delights by day and night.

1. Legendary a. so celebrated as to having taken on the nature of a legend 2.Fancifully adv. in a fanciful manner eg. The Christmas tree was fancifully decorated. 3.timeless a. unaffected by time eg. Helen's timeless beauty. 4.enchantment n. a feeling of great liking for something wonderful and unusual 5.castle n. a large and stately mansion 6.centerpiece n. the central or most important feature eg. Education was the centerpiece of the Democratic Party's political platform. 7.dominate v. have dominance or the power to defeat over 8.ancient a. belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire 9.variety n. a collection containing a variety of sorts of things eg. He had a variety of disorders.

10.voyage n. an act of traveling by water
11.exotic a. being or from or characteristic of another place or part of the world 12.throne n. the chair of state of a monarch, bishop, etc. eg. The king sat on his throne 13.pal n. a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities 14.fantastic a. extraordinarily good; used especially as intensifiers 15.stroll n. a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)v.walk leisurely and with no apparent aim 16.opt v. select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative eg. She opted for the job on the East coast. 17.foliage n. the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants 18.roller-coaster n. elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines)

III. Discussion 1. In your opinion,What kind of city is Hongkong?
2.What attract you most in Hongkong? 3.Why is Hongkong regarded as a shopping paradise for women? 4.What’s the difference between the Disneyworld in Hongkong and the one in America?

IV. Additional scenic spots : 1.Hong Kong National Geopark
It covers an area of 50 square kilometres across parts of the Eastern and Northeastern New Territories. It is divided into the Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Region and the Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region, with each region featuring four Geo-Areas, or eight in total. Within the Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region lie Sharp Island, High Island, the Ninepin Group and the Ung Kong Group, whereas the Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Region includes Double Haven, Tolo Channel, Tung Ping Chau, Port Island and Bluff Head.

2.Magical Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbour is one of Hong Kong's greatest assets, a jewel that people marvel at, no matter how many times they visit the city. People come from all over the world to see and admire it.

3. Hollywood Road, Cat Street,
Man Mo Temple Hollywood Road and Upper Lascar Row (also known as "Cat Street"), are must-see stops on every visitor's itinerary. Crammed with antique shops and an open-air curio market, these quaint locales are ideal places for picking up eclectic souvenirs and gifts. Everything from Ming dynasty furniture and lotus lamps to Mao badges and ancient snuff bottles is on sale here. Bargain hunters will also enjoy the stalls on Ladder Street, just a few metres downhill - and bargaining over price is all part of the game .

4. Lan Kwai Fong & SoHo Lan Kwai Fong When the lights go down, the "in crowd" heads for Lan Kwai Fong, a buzzing centre of clubs, bars and restaurants. This cheerful warren of Western-style restaurants, nightclubs, delicatessens and bars is a must for night owls and people watchers. Lan Kwai Fong is an L-shaped, cobble-stoned lane surrounded by Central's cluster of skyscrapers. Nearby lanes are also buzzing with bistros and pubs in Hong Kong's trendiest nightlife area.

SoHo Stroll along nearby Hollywood Road and you'll soon discover Hong Kong's "SoHo", the area "South of Hollywood Road". It offers a wide range of upmarket international restaurants and bars along Staunton Street, Elgin Street and Shelley Street. Jump on what Guinness World Records calls the world's longest covered escalator and experience the cosmopolitan atmosphere of this popular food district. Here you'll enjoy international fare from New Orleans to Nepal, Mexico to Malaysia, Provence to Portugal

5.Avenue of Stars Discover what makes Hong Kong the Hollywood of the East at this tribute to the professionals who have contributed to the territory's hundred-year history of filmmaking. The Avenue of Stars features commemorative plaques, handprints of movie celebrities, descriptive milestones, kiosks with movie memorabilia, a towering Hong Kong Film Awards statuette, and a life-size statue of the legendary kung-fu action star, Bruce Lee. The location on the Tsim Sha Tsui promenade offers incredible panoramic views of the famed Victoria Harbour and the memorable Hong Kong skyline. It is also a good place to watch the spectacular A Symphony of Lights, a nightly multimedia show with added pyrotechnics on special occasions.

6.Architectures Hong Kong has a stunning array of glass, steel and marble-clad edifices that are monuments to modern architecture and some of the world's top architects. But in this city of contrasts you'll also find gems of colonial era architecture, some dating back more than 150 years.

Foreign Correspondents' Club/Fringe Club

Government House

St. John's Cathedral

University of Hong Kong

V. In- class activitity : Translation
香港观光资源丰富，热门景点遍布境内，尤以太平山顶、维多利亚港和天坛大佛的景观，令人迷醉不已。香港境内的连绵山岭、怀幽古迹和辽阔郊区，跟繁华闹市相距不远，风光更是各具情韵，令人赞叹。

Hong Kong offers a host of memorable tourist attractions within its compact area, with The Peak, Victoria Harbour and the Giant Buddha among the most awe-inspiring. You'll be amazed by the diverse contrasts and close proximity of stunning cityscapes and soaring mountains, heritage sites and extensive green countryside.

VI. Proper names of scenic spots in Hongkong 1.Hongkong Island
太平山顶香港杜莎夫人蜡像馆荷李活道,摩罗上街,文武庙西港城兰桂坊及SoHo荷南美食区金紫荆广场及升旗礼跑马地马场珍宝王国香港海洋公园浅水湾赤柱市集及美利楼香港仔避风塘 The Peak Madame Tussauds Hollywood Road, Cat Street / Man Mo Temple Western Market Lan Kwai Fong & SoHo Golden Bauhinia Square & Special Flag Raising Ceremony Happy Valley Racecourse Jumbo Kingdom Ocean Park Hong Kong Repulse Bay Stanley Market & Murray House Aberdeen

2. Kow loon 1881 长沙湾道时装街及鸭寮街跳蚤市场女人街庙街夜市玉器市场及玉器街园圃街雀鸟花园/花墟/金鱼街星光大道
幻彩咏香江前九广铁路钟楼九龙寨城公园啬色园黄大仙祠鲤鱼门海鲜美食村 1881 Heritage Cheung Sha Wan Road Fashion Street and Apliu Street Ladies' Market Temple Street Night Market Jade Market & Jade Street Yuen Po Street Bird Garden / Flower Market / Goldfish Market Avenue of Stars A Symphony of Lights Clock Tower Kowloon Walled City Park Sik Sik Yuen Wong Tai Sin Temple Lei Yue Mun Seafood Bazaar

3.New Territories Ma Wan Park Noah's Ark City Art Square
Sha Tin Racecourse Ching Chung Koon Ping Shan Heritage Trail Kat Hing Wai Mai Po Wetlands Tai Fu Tai Tsing Ma Bridge Fung Ying Seen Koon Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail Lam Tsuen Wishing Trees and Tin Hau Temple Sai Kung Town / Sai Kung Promenade Hong Kong Wetland Park 马湾公园挪亚方舟城市艺坊沙田马场青松观屏山文物径吉庆围米埔湿地大夫第青马大桥蓬瀛仙馆龙跃头文物径林村许愿树及天后庙西贡墟/西贡海旁香港湿地公园

Landmark Mansion Shenzhen Unit 12 Macao

Macau is a fabulous travel destination in the world where east meets the west. Macau travel guide is a concoction of the polity, history and society of two celebrated cultures. A jewel among the famed isles of the world, Macau, China, Asia offers a scintillating experience on your Macau tour. Macau Travel ensures our journey through the land of dragon once nourished by the Portuguese colonial masters. The terra firma is Chinese. Even the vox populi is utterly Chinese. But the culture is imbibed in the ethnicity of the Portugal. What a splendid mixture? The history and geography have keenly remodeled the isle. Your Macau tour is sure to be amusing amid serene places and population enthusiast with bonhomie for the tourists. Museums in Macau, Forts in Macau, Macau Amusement Parks and Festivals in Macau are enthralling enough to attract tourists.

Macau, China, Asia firmly back in China's orbit after 329 years of colonial subjugation, is now a designated special administrative division. Travel to Macau is sure to unravel before you the most unusual Asian destination. A Travel Guide of Macau brings you face to face with the numerous tourist places colored in the glitz of history. The budding casinos, beautiful seashore, fabulous gardens, dotting castles and chapels, all are striking enough to hold your imagination. Popular destinations like Beaches in Macau like Taipa Island, A-Ma Cultural Village, Outer Harbour, Taipa Village, Coloane Village, San Ma Lo, Penha Hill, Guia Hill & Sao Lazaro, Penha Peninsula and many more are dazzling enough to fix your imagination.

Macau Travel denotes a different Asia
Macau Travel denotes a different Asia. Macau, China, Asia is completely different in its cultural fusion, architectural panorama, religious hodgepodge and political system. The most striking in the Travel Guide of Macau is the gambling and the casino economy. Stuffed with economical and efficient Macau transportation system, travel to Macau is a dream for every globetrotter. Baraccarat game, alluring nightlife, incredible bars and conceivable shopping paradises charms every one on his or her travel to Macau. Plan your Macau tour and take pleasure in the scenic spots in the isles of Macau, China, Asia. Asiarooms offers online information on Macau travel. For more information, explore relevant links on Macau travel on AsiaRooms. Whether you are traveling to Macau on a business trip or a family holiday, Macau offers its visitors a good choice of accommodation to suit every taste and budget. Among most luxurious Macau hotels include the Mandarin Oriental and Crown Macau Hotel. AsiaRooms offers you online booking for a wide range of hotels in Macau. Look no further, get the best rates on your Macau hotel booking with AsiaRooms and enjoy a hassle free vacation.

1. scintillating ：adj. brilliantly clever；having brief brilliant points or flashes of light Scintillating colors appear in the air 2.nourish ：v. provide with nourishment This kind of food is not nourishing for young children 3.imbibe ：v. take in, also metaphorically 4.ethnicity: n. an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties Ethnicity has a strong influence on community status relations. 5.bonhomie :n. a disposition to be friendly and approachable (easy to talk to) 6.enthralling: adj. capturing interest as if by a spell I’ve borrowed an enthralling book. 7.subjugation: n. forced submission to control by others 8.glitz :n. tasteless showiness 9.budding :adj. beginning to develop: That man seems to be a budding genius. 10.Peninsula: n. a large mass of land projecting into a body of water 11: panorama :n.the visual percept of a region

12.façade n. the face or front of a building
13.landmark n. the position of a prominent or well-known object in a particular landscape 14.artisans n. 15.feudal a. of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism 16.persecution n. the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion) 17.restoration n. the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state 18.tier n. a relative position or degree of value in a graded group 19.niche n. a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it 20.cannon n. a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels 21.wave-patterned 波浪图案的 22.mosaic n. 马赛克,镶嵌细工,镶木细工 23.tile n. a flat thin rectangular slab (as of fired clay or rubber or linoleum) used to cover surfaces砖瓦

24.carving n. a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape 25.interior adj. the inner or enclosed surface of something 26.territory n. the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state 27.chapel n. a place of worship that has its own altar / a service conducted in a place of worship that has its own altar 28.heritage n. any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors 29.beam n. long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction /v.smile radiantly; express joy through one's facial expression 30.glory n. a state of high honor 31. estuary n. the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

32.Nagasaki n. 长崎 33.Leal Senado Square 议事亭前地 34.Institute of Civic & Municipal Affairs 民政总署大楼 35.Coimbra 科英布拉 | 孔布拉 36.Portugal n. 葡萄牙 37.Citadel of Sao Paulo do Monte 松山炮台 38.Guia Fort 东望洋炮台 39.Monte Fort 大炮台 40.Dutch a. 荷兰的n. 荷兰人

III. Discussion Where is Macao located ?
What’s the characteristic of the ethnic culture in Macao? Are there any attractions appealing to you? What are they?

IV. Additional scenic spots : 1. Lotus Square
Standing in Lotus Square next to the Forum, the large sculpture of "Lotus Flower In Full Bloom" presented by the State Council of China in 1999, marks the return of sovereignty of Macau. The sculpture, made of gilded bronze and weights 6.5 tons, is 6 meters high and the diameter of the flower is 3.6 meters at maximum. The major part is composed of a stem, petals and pistil, with a total of 16 components. The base of the flower consists of 23 pieces of red granite. The lotus flower, which is in full bloom, symbolizes the everlasting prosperity of Macau. There are three layers of red granite at the base, which are in the shape of lotus leaves, signifying the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.

2. Macau Tower Opened officially on 19th December 2001, the Macau Tower Convention & Entertainment Centre (MTCEC) comprises of a communications and observation Tower, a 4-level Convention & Entertainment Centre and a 2-level underground basement, as well as an Outdoor Plaza.

3. Clothing - discount stores
Macau has more than 500 active garment factories, and most of these produce clothing for markets in Europe, the US and Australia. Although you will find all sorts of clothing in Macau, jeans, children's wear and sports clothes are probably the most readily available. Many bargain clothing shops will not allow customers to try on clothing, but they will always have a tape measure handy to check the fit. Be sure you have the right size, because the more inexpensive shops will not accept returned merchandise. Traditional Chinese styles updated to a high fashion look are very popular these days. You can find dressy and casual tops with Mandarin collars and frog closings in a wide variety of interesting and attractive fabrics at the markets around S. Domingos Church near the Senado Square <I Si Ting Chin Dei>, and in the Three Lamps district (Rotunda de Carlos da Maia <Sam Jan Dang>) near the Red Market <Hung Kai Si>.

4. Casinos. The casinos in hotels (e.g. Lisboa, Mandarin, Hyatt, and Kingsway), and in entertainment centers such as Jai-Alai and the Macau Jockey Club, together with the Floating Palace, offer probably the widest range of casino games in the world, including baccarat, blackjack, roulette, boule, craps, "big and small", fan-tan, 12 numbers, and of course, hundreds of the most glittering array of slot machines anywhere. The legal age for gambling in Macau is 21 for local residents and 18 for tourists. Visitors to the casinos should read the sign at each entrance, urging players to chance only what they can spare at the gaming table. Winners are not obliged to tip, but croupiers will usually deduct about 10% of the winnings. The major games found in the casinos are :

5.Dining in Macao Portuguese style Macau is definitely a great place to find good restaurants with different types of cuisine from both Portuguese, Macanese and other Eastern and Western food. Traditional dishes from Portugal include bacalhau, the Portuguese dry cod, served with baked, grilled, stewed or boiled; and soups such as "caldo verdo" and "sopa a alentejena" both rich with vegetables, meat and olive oil. The Portuguese also learned from Africa and India how to use spices, with the result that Macau's most popular dishes include African and Goanese chicken and piquant prawn, all baked or grilled with peppers and chilies. The combination of Portuguese, Indian and even Malay and Chinese cuisines make up Macanese cuisine which cannot be found elsewhere in the world.

V. In- class activitity : Translation
自1999年12月20日起，澳门成为中华人民共和国的一个特别行政区。在“一国两制”政策的指引下，澳门实行高度自治，享有行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权，而澳门的社会和经济方面的特色会予以保留并得以延续。澳门的面积很小，是世界上人口最稠密的地方之一，也是亚洲人均收入比较高的地区。澳门是一个国际化的都市，几百年来，一直是中西文化融和共存的地方。

Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 20 December 1999, and, like Hong Kong, benefits from the principle of "one country, two systems". The tiny SAR is growing in size - with more buildings on reclaimed land - and in the number and diversity of its attractions. The greatest of these continues to be Macau's unique society, with communities from the East and West complementing each other, and the many people who come to visit.

2.旅客可直接由澳门国际机场往本地区内各目的地，或乘坐客机转往亚洲、欧洲及美洲等地。澳门国际机场位于氹仔，离外港客运码头只需十五分钟的车程，到关闸只要二十分钟的车程，距路氹边境只有五分钟的车程。机场二十四小时运作，

Tourists can use the Macau International Airport for travelling to several destinations in the region on direct flights or catch connecting flights to different portsof Asia, Europe or America. The airport is located on Taipa Island and is 15 minutes away from the Macau Ferry Terminal, 20 minutes from the Barrier Gate and only 10 minutes away from the COTAI Frontier Post. It operates 24 hours a day.

VI. Proper names of scenic spots
小型賽車場四面佛民政總署竹灣海灘松山燈塔金蓮花廣場 1.Karting Track 2. Four-Faced Buddha 3. Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau 4. Cheoc Van Beach 5. Guia Lighthouse 6. Lotus Square

7.Cybernetic Fountain 8. Macau Golf and Country Club 9. D. Pedro V Theatre 10. Grand Prix Control Tower 11.Statue Of The Goddess A-Ma 12. Residence Of The Consul-General Of Portugal 13. Portuguese Consulate 14. Hac Sa Beach 7.音樂噴泉 8.高爾夫球鄉村俱樂部 9.崗頂劇院 10.賽車大看台 11.媽祖像 12.葡國領事官邸 13.葡國領事館 14.黑沙海灘

15.澳門旅遊塔會展娛樂中心 16.澳門運動場及奧林匹克游泳館 17.澳門漁人碼頭 18.澳門賽馬會 19.議事亭前地 20.官也街 15.Macau Tower Convention and Entertainment Centre 16. Macau Stadium and Olympic Aquatic Centre 17. Macau Fisherman's Wharf 18. Macau Jockey Club 19. Senado Square 20. Rua do Cunha

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