2. Presented by- UTTARAN MODHUKALYA 3 rd SEMESTER Department of Zoology Bahona College 1

3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINATION OF PESTICIDES TYPES OF PESTICIDES Classification of pesticides based on chemical nature USES OF PESTICIDEs IMPACT ON HEALTH DISEASE ALTERNATIVE PROCESS REFERENCE CONCLUTION 2

4. INTRODUCTION Pesticides are among the most widely used chemicals in the world. Pesticides are some chemical substance that are used in agricultural field for destroying unnecessary insect, fungi, herbs, microbes etc. People may also be exposed to pesticides used in a variety of settings including home, school, hospital and workplaces. 3

5. DEFINATION OF PESTICIDES- Any substance intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest (i.e., insects, mice, weeds, fungus etc.) is called pesticide. Simply, chemical which can kill pest are called pesticides. 4

6. WHY NEED PESTICIDES ? to reduce vector of diseases To increase crop productivity To preserve valuable materials such as historic book. To make wood resistant to insects, fungus and other pests. To kill like rodent like mice, rats and the gophers. 5

7. TYPES OF PESTICIDES- Antimicrobials-controls germs/microbes Disinfectants-control germs/microbes Fungicides-control fungal problem(i.e., molds) Herbicides-kill growth of unwanted plants. Insecticides-control insects Repellents-repel unwanted pests. 6

8. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CHEMICAL NATURE- Organochlorine pesticides Organophosphate pesticides Carbamates pesticides Synthetic- pyrethroid pesticides Microbial insecticides Insect growth regulator. 7

9. USES OF PESTICIDES-  First use of synthetic pesticides: 1940  Consumption increasing worldwide 2.26 million tons of active ingredients used in 2001.  25% of the world production used in developing countries. where 99% of deaths due to pesticides occur!  4.5 billion pounds chemicals per year  890 active ingredients, 30,000 formulations  Uses 75% agricultural 25% home, garden, structural 8

10. PESTICIDES BENEFITS- BENEFITS Crop protection Food preservation Material preservation Disease control 9

11. POISONING IMPACT OF PESTICIDES IN HEALTH- Contact Systemic Allergic 10

12. CONTACT EFFECT- Skin irritation (dermatitis): itching, redness, rashes, blisters, burns Eyes swelling, stinging, burning Nose, mouth, throat irritation Typical of herbicides, fungicides and other products 11

13. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS- From pesticides that target animals Insecticides: nervous system Rodenticides: circulatory system Insecticide symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, excessive sweating, chest pain etc. Rodeticide symptoms: Bleeding problem, blood lose, loss of consciousness, decrease heart rate, abdominal problem etc. 12

14. DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY VARY IN THEIR ABILITY TO ABSORB PESTICIDES- Forehead 36% Back of Hand 21% Scalp 32% Forearm 9% Ear Canal 40% Palm 12% Ball of Foot 13% Abdomen 18% Genital Area 100% Percent Dose Absorbed Chemical -parathion Maibach 1974 Armpit 64% 13

15. ALLERGIC EFFECT- Contact or Systemic Dermatitis, blisters, hives Life-threatening shock Red or itchy eyes Respiratory discomfort, asthma 14

16. HAZARD = EXPOSURE x TOXICITY Toxicity - how poisonous the pesticides is 15 Exposure - how pesticides enter the body

17. DISEASE CAUSED BY PESTICIDES- 1. Cancer, 2. Alzheimer’s disease, 3. Diabetes, 4. Parkinson’s disease, 5. Endocrine disturbance, 6. Birth effect, 7. Asthma, 8. Learning and development disorder, 9. Reproduction and sexual disturbance. 16

18. ALTERNATIVE OF PETICIDS- 1. Biological control (biopesticide, biofertilizer) 2. Natural chemical control 3. Genetic control 4. Integrated pest management. 5. Genetic Engineering 17

19. REFERENCES- Internet “Manures, Fertilizers and Pesticides” “Environmental Biotechnology” Our department professors. 18

20. CONCLUSION- Although chemical pesticides safe guard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effect on ecosystem. So, minimizing the use of pesticides or founding new alternative ways, we can surely save our environment and can give a healthy life to our future generations. 19

21. THANK YOU 20