1. Chapter 4 (Test is Friday)
Ancient Egypt
Chapter 4
(Test is Friday)

2. The Nile River The Nile is the longest river in the world
Flows North because the mountains are in the South
Flows into the Mediterranean Sea
The winds off of the Mediterranean blow South (makes trading possible using sailboats)
The Egyptian calendar was based on the flooding of the Nile River
The seasons were drought, emergence, and inundation
Egyptians planted and harvested their crops based on the Nile
Wheat and Barley were two of the most important

3. Egyptian Religion Mostly polytheistic
Egyptian gods and goddesses took on the form of animals and humans
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife
The soul or heart a person was measured against a feather
If the heart was lighter than the feather, they would have eternal life
Amenhotep IV made Egypt monotheistic (worshipped Aton)
King Tutankhamen returned Egypt to a polytheistic religion

4. Mummification
Egyptians mummified their dead in preparation for the afterlife
The Ka and Ba needed to recognize the body to return to it
Mummification took about 70 days
First Egyptians were mummified by being buried in the desert sands
Natron was the key ingredient in mummification
The internal organs were placed in canopic jars
The steps of mummification were:
Remove organs
Place natron on the body
Remove natron and rub the body with oils and spices
Wrap the body with linen (amulet's were placed in the linen)
The body was placed in a number of coffins
The body is placed in the tomb

5. Hieroglyphics The writing style of the Ancient Egyptians
Had over 700 characters
The Egyptians used hieroglyphics in tombs, for tax demands, for messages, and orders
Egyptians wrote on papyrus made of the papyrus plant
Scribes wrote with reed pens

6. The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
Old Kingdom:
The Age of the Pyramids
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built (481 Feet Tall)
The Middle Kingdom
Time of Economic and cultural glory
The capital was moved from Thebes to Memphis
Nubia was annexed
The Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt (They had war chariots)

7. The New Kingdom
Egypt conquered the Hyksos and drove them out of Lower Egypt
Amenhotep IV made Egypt monotheistic for a short time (worshipped Aton)
King Tutankhamen became Pharaoh and made Egypt polytheistic again
Egypt expanded to its greatest size
Created its first standing army

8. Nubia and Kush Nubians created ceramic pottery
The Nubians traded with the Egyptians
Goods that were traded were: wood, ivory, hardwood, gold, minerals, bird feathers, ostrich eggs, and spices
Egypt annexed Nubia-they wanted to control the Nubian trade routes
Many Nubians moved South and formed the kingdom of Kush

9. Kush The Kushites were allies of the Hyksos
Borrowed cultural ideas from the Egyptians
King Kasta conquered Upper Egypt and his son Piye conquered Lower Egypt
Kush became wealthy because they had vast iron ore deposits
They also created trading networks

10. Other Information
Clothing: Egyptians wore light clothing to combat the heat of the Sahara desert
Wealthy families had two story homes along the Nile River
Poor people had small, one story homes
The main food of the Egyptians was bread however they also ate dates, grapes, and other fruits and vegetables

11. Other Information (Continued)
Egyptian’s played many games-senet was one of their favorite
Egyptians also enjoyed hunting, fishing, and especially wrestling
Egypt is located on the continent of Africa
The delta was the best spot for growing crops
Silt was deposited on the land after the Nile would flood