1. Monday, October 23 What are the two theories of hypnosis from Friday?
Today’s topic:
Intro to Learning and Classical Conditioning
Upcoming Dates:
Homework:
Terms
Read
Assessments:
Test, Monday October 30
Retest Friday in class
What are the two theories of hypnosis from Friday?
Look up the types of the following types of hypnosis
Post-hypnotic suggestion
Hypnotic analgesia

2. Learning Questions
Do you have any fears or phobias? How did you get this fear/phobia (did something happen in your past that caused your fear/phobia)?
Do you have any foods or drinks that you avoid tasting, smelling or even looking at? Besides taste, is there a reason why do you hate that food?
How did you learn how to (choose one of the following) drive, swim or ride a bike (or something similar)? Specifically describe how you learned.
How did you learn that what you were doing was correct?
Have you ever taught someone else how to do something? What was it and how did you teach them (please specifically explain and describe how you taught them)? 
How do you know that learning has occurred?

3. Learning
AP Psych
Myers – Ch. 6

4. Learning
Any knowledge or behavior that we now possess that we were not born with, was somehow "learned"
Learning is a relatively permanent behavior change due to experience.
Acquired from experience or observation

5. Behaviorism
Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Most current behavioral psychologists would argue that mental processes should be studied

6. Learning Classical Conditioning Associative Learning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Learning
Associative Learning – learning that certain events go together

7. Classical Conditioning
PAVLOV
WATSON

8. Classical Conditioning
Learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli
also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
Unconditioned Response (UR)
the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned Response (CR)
the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned, stimulus (CS)

9. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Studied how dogs associate salivation with food by ringing a tuning fork/bell with the presentation of food. The dog eventually salivated at the sound of the tuning fork/bell.
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Experiment
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
FOOD
Unconditioned Response (UR)
the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US)
SALIVATION
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
BELL/SOUND
Conditioned Response (CR)
the learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned, stimulus (CS)

11. Another Example…
An experimenter sounds a tone just before delivering an air puff to your eye.
Unconditioned stimulus
Air puff
Unconditioned response
Eye blink to air puff
Conditioned stimulus
Tone
Conditioned Response
Eye blink to tone
Conditioning Dwight
Conditioning your college roommate

12. Learning Processes Process Description Example Acquisition
Initial stage of learning to associate two things
when Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus (tuning fork) with the unconditioned stimulus (food)
Extinction
the diminishing of a CR
Pavlov found that when he rang the fork repeatedly without presenting the food, the dogs salivated less and less
Spontaneous Recovery
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished CR
Pavlov found that if he waited a few hours before ringing the fork again, the dogs would salivate to the ringing after the pause
Generalization
The tendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit a similar response.
Pavlov found that dogs would salivate to tones of different pitches that they had not previously associated with food
Discrimination
The learned ability to distinguish between stimuli
Pavlov’s dogs also learned to respond to certain tones and not to others

13. Tuesday, March 15 Today’s topic: Operant Conditioning Upcoming Dates:
How do you think advertisers use classical conditioning to sell their products? Give an example.
Name a type of reward/reinforcement you have received recently by parents, friends, teachers, coaches, etc.
Why did you get it? Did you learn from the reinforcement?
Name a type of punishment you have received recently by parents, friends, teachers, coaches, etc.
Why did you get it? Did you learn from the punishment?
Today’s topic:
Operant Conditioning
Upcoming Dates:
Homework:
New Terms
Read
Assessments:
Test, Tuesday March 22

14. John B. Watson
Conditioned “Little Albert” to fear white rats, later all white, fluffy animals
Previously not afraid of white rats, Watson presented a loud banging sound when Albert saw a white rat  conditioned fear of rats. US
Loud noise UR
Crying CS
Rat CR

15. Pavlov’s Legacy and Applications
Classical conditioning is a learning technique that virtually all organism’s use to adapt to their environments
Pavlov showed that learning processes can be studied objectively (by observing behaviors)
Classical conditioning can be helpful in treatment programs for substance abuse, phobias, etc
Exposure Therapy

16. Classical Conditioning in Advertising
Taylor Swift
Corona
Kia Optima
Gatorade
The Real Cost