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2015 Physics WoF Start the year right with a .

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Presentation on theme: "2015 Physics WoF Start the year right with a ."— Presentation transcript:

1 2015 Physics WoF Start the year right with a 

2 Physical Quantities Physical Quantities Uncertainty SI Units Prefixes
Accuracy vs Precision SI Units Physical Quantities Prefixes Unit Conversion Significant figures Scientific Notation

3 Physics WoF Physical Quantities SI Units
Physics involves measuring Physical Quantities… 7 defined ‘base’ Physical Quantities!

4 Base Unit Base Quantity Name Symbol Time t second s Length l metre m
Mass m kilogram kg Temperature T kelvin K Electric Current I ampere A n mole Amount of Substance mol candela cd Luminous Intensity

5 Units of measurement SI units (metric) Length: meter (m)
Ex: miles, feet, inches, hours, gallons, pounds, liters… SI units (metric) Length: meter (m) Time: second (s) Mass: kilogram (kg) Base Units (Other units derived from these) Volume: m3 Speed: ms-1 Power: (kg)(m2)s-3 = 1 Watt

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7 Physical Quantities SI Units Physics WoF Prefixes

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9 Prefix multipliers Power Prefix Symbol 1012 109 tera giga T G 106 mega
103 kilo k 10-3 milli m 10-6 micro 10-9 nano n 10-12 pico

10 with appropriate prefix
Awake? – covert to grams with appropriate prefix Power Prefix Symbol 1012 109 tera giga T G 106 mega M 103 kilo k 10-3 milli m 10-6 micro 10-9 nano n 10-12 pico

11 Physical Quantities SI Units Physics WoF Prefixes Significant figures

12 Significant Figures The number of significant figures expresses the precision of the measurement. Examples: 4 3456 2 2300 2 0.0045 2 5.0 x 105 3 1.04 3 4 54.00

13 Fill in zeros up to but not after the decimal point.
Spot quiz 49382 to 2 s.f. = to 1 s.f. = to 3 s.f. = to 2 s.f. = 49000 0.06 375 Fill in zeros up to but not after the decimal point.

14 Physics WoF Physical Quantities SI Units Prefixes Significant
figures Scientific Notation

15 Scientific notation A way of representing numbers that are very large or very small Distance from the Earth to the Sun: 150,000,000,000 m = 1.5 × 1011 m Diameter of an atom: m = 1.0 × m = 0.1 nm Here’s the rule: Zeroes that only exist to separate other numbers from the decimal don’t count as significant figures.

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18 The Scale of the universe

19 xxxxxxxxxxxx Decimal Form Scientific Notation Round to 3 Sig Figs 146.5 x 106 22.68 x 10-3

20 xxxxxxxxxxxx Decimal Form Scientific Notation Round to 3 Sig Figs 14.95 x 105 x 10-3

21 Physics WoF Physical Quantities SI Units Prefixes Unit Conversion
Significant figures Scientific Notation

22 Convert 572 centimetres to metres.
Conversions Convert 572 centimetres to metres. Convert 80 km to metres

23 Convert 24 hours to seconds
Conversions Convert 24 hours to seconds Show 50 km h-1 º 14 m s-1 Show 20 m s-1 º 72 km h-1

24 Physical Quantities Physical Quantities Uncertainty SI Units Prefixes
Improve? Accuracy: SI Units Precision: Physical Quantities Random Systematic Prefixes Human Unit Conversion Significant figures Scientific Notation

25 how close the measurement is to the true value
Accuracy: Precision: how many significant digits There will always be some error in a measured value. A measurement is only an estimate of the true value.

26 A gold coin is measured on a very accurate and precise scale to have a mass of 127.96458 grams.
A second scale gives a reading of 128 grams. The second scale is accurate but not precise. A third scale gives a reading of grams. The third scale is precise but not accurate. A fourth scale gives a reading of 115 grams. The fourth scale is neither accurate nor precise.

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28 Measurement / Experimental Errors
Errors produced by unpredictable and unknown variations. Measurements are spread randomly around an average value. 1) Random: Errors that give results consistently above or below the true value, eg: 2) Systematic: Calibration error Zeroing error Parallax error Misreading of scales / instrument Bad maths / wrong equation used Transcription error 3) Human: Accuracy? Precision?

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30 IMPROVING ACCURACY Observer and/or instrument placement - parallax error Use appropriate significant figures Beware of Zeroing / Calibration errors Average repeated measurements (ie for time data) Collect sufficient data (eg when looking for a relationship – need at least 5 lots of data)

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