1. 5.2 Colonists Resist Tighter Control
Goals
We will identify British imperial policies requiring the colonies to pay a share of the costs in defending the British Empire.
We will identify British attempts to regulate colonial rights, as well as colonial responses to these attempts.

2. Why It Matters…
Britain
Colonies
Colonists used to self-government. Proud of their rights and loyal to British monarch. French & Indian War strained this loyalty.

3. Conflict with Natives
Britain – gained all territory b/w the Appalachian Mts. & the Mississippi River. Natives trying to keep their land. Fighting between the Colonists & Natives began soon as French & Indian War ended.

4. Pontiac’s War, 1763
Pontiac Leader of Ottawa nation Attacked British forts/settlements, destroying about ½ dozen At least 2,000 settlers killed British Settlers Reacted by killing Natives Defeated Pontiac by fall of 1764

6. Proclamation of 1763
Britain banned colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mts. Settlers told to move east! Colonists angry Proclamation ignored and not enforced

7. Colonial Attitudes
Proud of their contributions in the French & Indian War Tens of thousands served as soldiers Many died Expected GB to be grateful! Anticipated only a minimum rise in taxes.

8. Colonial Attitudes
Colonists saw themselves as different from citizens in Britain. Still loyal to Crown in Colonies identified more with each other than with Mother country.

9. British Perspective
War left the country in debt. Government still paying for troops to stay in colonies Protecting from French re-invasion Protecting from Native attacks British leaders believed colonists should help $$$

10. Sugar Act, 1764
Placed a duty on imported sugar & MOLASSES! duty = import tax Called for harsh punishment of smugglers.

11. Quartering Act, 1765
Forced colonists to house British troops, providing them w/food & other supplies Purpose = to save $$$ since GB had sent 10,000 troops to colonies to enforce the Proclamation of Colonists

12. Quartering Act, 1765

13. Stamp Act, 1765
1st internal tax levied on colonists by Britain All paper documents in colonies had to have special STAMP! Newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance polices, land titles, contracts, etc… Colonists argued only their representative governments had authority to tax them.

14. Significance – “No Taxation without Representation”
Stamp Act, 1765
Significance – “No Taxation without Representation”

15. Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry – House of Burgesses Proposed resolutions against Stamp Act Adopted by House of Burgesses (May, 1765)

16. Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry
All men of Britain in the colony should be treated as any representative of Britain. They have as much as freedom and rights as everybody else in Britain.
The second resolve was to remind everybody that all the people in the colony should be treated as if they were born within England’s realm.

17. Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry
No unbearable tax should be imposed on anybody. Burdensome taxation would make the colonies hard to manage.
Virginians shouldn’t be imposed with a tax that was not passed by a body that had not gained their consent.
The Virginia General Assembly is the only government to have the right to lay taxes on people in the colony.

18. Stamp Act Resolves – Patrick Henry
One of the first acts of open defiance to a British law.

19. Boycotts
Boycott – merchants in New York, Philadelphia, & Boston boycott – organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products Protests spread to every colony.

20. Stamp Act Congress
Delegates from 9 colonies Sent petition to King & Parliament – No Sugar & No Stamp Tax!!! petition = a written request to government 1766 – Stamp Act repealed BUT...

21. Parliament/King have total authority over colonies!
Declaratory Act, 1766
Parliament/King have total authority over colonies!

22. Townshend Acts, 1767
Britain wants to tax colonies w/out angering them. Agree to not tax products/activities inside colonies Only tax imported products Charles Townshend – over British treasury Wanted to weaken colonial assemblies

23. Townshend Act, 1767
Customs officers (over imports/exports) – use writs of assistance writs of assistance – court orders allowing officials to make searches without saying what they were searching for Colonists declare violation of rights! Colonists BOYCOTT

24. Townshend Acts, 1767
Boycotts hurt British merchants/manufacturers They pressure Parliament to let up on colonies 5 March 1770 – Parliament repeals all Townshend duties but 1 Tea Tax

25. Boston Massacre
Too late…same day 5 March 1770 Angry mob of sailors/workers attack British soldiers w/snowballs & rocks Soldiers fire into crowd – 5 killed; 6 wounded

26. Boston Massacre
Governor Thomas Hutchinson tried to calm things Had 9 soldiers tried for murder John Adams (Massachusetts lawyer) defended soldiers Leading defender of colonial rights against British policies Believed every person accused of crime had right to fair trial

28. Committees of Correspondence
Established by Samuel Adams (cousin to John) Goal – keep colonists informed of British actions Committees started in other colonies Helped UNITE colonists against GB