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WHAP Review #2 Time Period III
TP3 EXAM WEDNESDAY!!!! WHAP Review #2 Time Period III 600 CE – 1450 CE CANS DUE ONE WEEK FROM TODAY!!!!
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Main Ideas 3.1 = Exchange and communication networks expand and intensify 3.2 = State formation and interactions experiences changes and continuities 3.3 = Economic productive capacity increases and causes a lot of changes
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Main Topics We Covered Islam comes into being
Islamic armies conquer & create empires The Byzantine Empire = Rome continued in the East Europe experiences disruption and new cultural forms (Vikings, feudalism, & the rise of Roman Catholic Christianity); Russia’s culture looks to Byzantium Tang and Song Dynasty China drive economic innovation (flying money, paper money, banking, & mass production) In the Americas, huge new empires develop (Maya & later Aztec & Inca) In West Africa, huge new empires develop & are in contact with the Islamic world (Ghana, Mali, Songhai) The Mongols cause huge amounts of exchange & stability and also chaos and disruption of older patterns of empire Japan arrives to the scene
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Follower of Islam = Muslim
Arabia before Islam – tribal and warlike Muhammad’s job – merchant, b/c Arabia traded out bunches of incense Mecca – trade center b/c of truce around Ka’ba, where polytheistic deities were worshipped Mix of cultures, including Judaism and Christianity (mothotheism)
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Islam, cont. Muhammad’s cave visions – recited the Quran; Koran; Qur’an. Gained followers. Messed with Ka’ba trade Meccan leaders were straight up haters. Early Muslims flee to Medina (Hijra, 622 CE) Muslims vs. other Arabs = war. Muslims win and take Mecca Unity found through the 5 Pillars and worship of 1 God.
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The 5 1. Shahada- Declaration of faith
2. Salat- Pray 5 times a day, facing holy city Mecca. 3. Zakat- Almsgiving 4. Sawm- Fasting during month of Ramadan 5. Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once
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Caliphate System & the Sunni and Shi’ite split
Muhammad’s death = succession crisis 2 main factions: Sunni and Shi’ite Sunni – leader (caliph) = chosen by the Umma Shi’ite – leader (caliph) = Muhammad’s relatives Caliph = caesaropapist ruler Sunni = dominant majority today
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Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphate
Umayyad ( ) = ARAB conquest empire built off booty Conquered Arabia, Persian & much of the Byzantine Empires (Mideast & Anatolia) b/c they were internally weak. Also, North Africa, Spain Abbasid ( ) = MUSLIM golden age of unity; House of Wisdom; retention & building on Greek logic & learning Fell apart as Abbasids weakened Fired Turkic slave soldiers- took control
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Umayyad = Humongous
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Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire
Retained unity as Western Europe fell to nomadic invasions in 476 CE. Lasted until 1453. Ruled by caesaropapist Orthodox (led by Patriarch) converted the Kievan Rus Mosaic art, centralization, Constantinople capital city
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Kievan Rus Russian city-states dominated by the Prince of Kiev
TRADED furs especially down the rivers leading to the Caspian & Black Seas (the Byzantine Empire and Abbasid Caliphate were trading partners) Most people were rural Converted to Orthodoxy Conquered by the Golden Horde Mongols & made to pay tribute
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Medieval Europe Roman Empire totally fell apart in the West after 476. Local (feudal) lords with castles became the protectors (instead of the central gov’t) Feudalism = social/political system in which work, protection, and loyalty are exchanged. Serfs work the land, Lords provide the land and protection in exchange for ag. products, Knights serve as warriors who are given fiefs of land (with serfs) by lords 90%
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Medieval Europe Manorialism = ECONOMIC system based on local production Roman Catholic Church & pope provided some unity Missionaries (often friars) went out converting people Instability was an important characteristic (think Vikings – who raided and then settled down, assimilating into local populations)
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Sui 589-618 CE China after the classical period was disunified
Sui, using Legalism, reunified it Grand Canal built, making an inter-linked economy out of N. and S. China Champa Rice!
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Tang CE Known for Buddhism; rulers even patronized Buddhism (the religion leaked in during the end of the Han = providing stability) Huge army & territory – Silk Road Trade! Reintroduced the Exam System for bureaucracy Women = better status 845 = gov’t turned against Buddhism, encouraged by Confucian bureaucrats to stamp out foreign “barbaric” practices If he (Buddha) were still alive today and came to our court by order of his ruler, Your Majesty might condescend to receive him, but he would then be escorted to the borders of the state, dismissed, and not allowed to delude the people. How then, when he has long been dead, could his rotten bones, the foul and unlucky remains of his body, be rightly admitted to the palace?
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Song 908 – 1268 CE Neo-Confucian (blended in Buddhist & Daoist beliefs) Women’s status (foot-binding) Commercial Revolution (flying money, paper money) Inventions – compass, paper, printing press, gunpowder Conquered by Kublai Khan WOMEN’S RIGHTS: ECONOMY:
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Maya 600s – 900s City-states; culturally unified
Religious ritual = blood-letting Inventive agriculture due to poor soil chinampas, terraces, irrigation Intense inter-city-state rivalries & war
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Aztec 1300-1500 CE Conquest State, politically/culturally united
Control through tribute and fear Sacrifice and enslavement of conquered Tenochtitlan= capital Complex social hierarchy (warriors & priests) Important families rule outer territories Agriculture = chinampas
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Inca 1400s-1500s CE Military expansion Highly centralized government
Control of wealth, labor (mit’a), trade Redistributive economy Capital at Cuzco Royal families rule outlying areas Quipus, terrace farming, irrigation
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WAIT FOR IT!!!!!
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The Mongols Pre-Empire Genghis Khan (1206-1227) Death of Genghis
To crush your enemies, to see them fall at your feet-to take their horses and hear the lamentation of their women. That is the best. The Mongols Pre-Empire Nomadic, disunified, raiders and looters, family/tribe oriented (lots of fighting) Genghis Khan ( ) Unifies various groups Massive Empire (China to Syria, Russia to Syria) Death of Genghis Four Empires emerge
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Four Mongol Empires Great Khan = Kublai Khan (Yuan Dynasty)
Centralized, never fully assimilate, utilize bureaucratic system and cultural leaders Khanate of Chaghadai (Central Asia/Trade Routes) Protection and facilitation of trade Golden Horde (Russia, Northern Eurasia) Tribute state Khanate of Persia (E. Abassid Caliphate) Full assimilation and conversion to Islam
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Pax Mongolica The Bad: The Mongols caused destruction & killed a lot of people causing fear & dislike, but… Facilitated trade through massive empire Protection and taxation Increases cultural interaction and diffusion Exchange of ideas, technology, religion, disease More “civilized” than the “civilized”?
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That’s A Record For This Classroom!!
2015-“KAN”-tucky “KAN”-tucky Derby Will look a lot like this… That’s A Record For This Classroom!! Items Collected:10,621.5
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Ut
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Ghana 400s-1000s West Africa (Niger River) Major trade routes
River and Trans-Saharan (did not control trade, just taxed it) Gold, salt, ivory Taxes and armies Iron weapons and agricultural tools Began conversion to Islam But not “Ghana” force conversion!
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Mali 800-1450 CE Conquers Ghana (Sundjata)
Centralized Government and Bureaucracy Niger River=Trade and Taxes Mansa Musa, Hajj & Timbuktu Export of Gold and Salt – controlled the mines Tribute to supply food Slaves and agriculture Conquered by Songhai
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Songhai 1000s-1585 Islam to unify and jihads to conquer became stronger and stronger until it took over Mali & beyond Strong government 5 provinces, Islamic Courts, Huge Army Political hierarchy (Hindu caste similarity) Islamic Universities, Arabic & Shari’a law united & helped centralize Drought, disease, and decline of trade spells doom Songhai Descendants Army/Free People Captives/Slave
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Swahili City-States
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Great Zimbabwe Southeastern Africa 1000s-1450
Started by the Shona (Bantu-speakers) Iron working and agriculture Inland state (S.E. Africa) traded with the Swahili Coast into the IOMS Export of gold in exchange for: Fabrics, ceramics, spices and fruits (IOMS) Strong political state
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Marco Polo/Ibn Battuta
World travelers Documented their journeys and experiences Marco Polo= Silk Roads Ibn Battuta= Dar al-Islam Ibn Battuta discusses similarities and differences across Dar al-Islam Marco Polo discusses advanced Asian continent for backwards, Europeans
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Japan Nara period = beginning of unified gov’t through contact w/ China & the spread of literacy through Buddhism Syncretism w/ native Shinto (animist) religion Heian period followed Nara period…cultural awesomeness (1st novel ever written; capital at Kyoto, haiku, origami, tea ceremony, etc.) Central gov’t lost power…feudal period begins: Daimyo (lords) leading samurai (warriors); castles & other similarities to Western Europe at the time
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