1. The Emergence of Socialism
Sugar
Socialism
System of Politics
How did the Cuban government attempt to impose a socialist economic system in Cuba throughout the 1960s? How effective were those measures and what complications did they bring? How did the government attempt to “institutionalize” socialism in the 1970s?

2. Sugar Industrialization Agricultural Reform “Revolutionary Offensive”
Metallurgy, machinery
Chemicals, transportation equipment
Sugar cane by-products
Agricultural Reform
State run farms, sugar cane cooperatives
Diversification of agriculture
Food shortages  rationing
“Revolutionary Offensive”
Nationalize small businesses
New Socialist Man
Commitment to egalitarian society
Good of society over personal well-being
Labor unions

3. Socialism Measures in place by 1970:
Government control of most agricultural land
Price controls for private farmers
“Voluntary work” on state farms
Elimination of most private property
La Libreta (rationing book)
Decrease in wages
Employment guarantees
Free education, health care, social security

4. Systems of Politics Direct Democracy Anti-bureaucracy campaign
Populism
Anti-bureaucracy campaign
Confederation of Cuban Workers
Popular Power
Direct election at municipal level – but little authority
Campaigning controlled by Election Commission (appointed by government)
Municipal assembly elect provincial and national assemblies
National Assembly answers to Council of State answers to Executive Committee
Intention: to establish direct link between top levels of power & people
Constitution of 1976
Government control of economy
Promotion of socialism
Health care and education
Exporting the Revolution
Che Guevara
Congo and Bolivia
Executed October 9, 1967