1. FCE USE OF ENGLISH
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

2. They often behave badly
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES:ZERO CONDITIONAL
WHEN THE SUN SHINES. PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY
IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD, YOU STAY HEALTHY
IF YOU HEAT ICE. IT TURNS TO WATER
Zero conditional are used to express “general truths”.
ZERO CONDITIONALS use THE PRESENT TENSE in both parts of the sentence. Both parts of the sentence can be in either order.
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / PRESENT TENSE
If children are bored
PRESENT TENSE
They often behave badly

3. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FIRST CONDITIONAL
IF I have enough money next year, I’ll buy a house
IF I have enough money next year, I can buy a house
Do I have real possibilities of buying a house?
YES
1.FIRST CONDITIONAL : (POSSIBLE SITUATIONS).
The first conditional talks about possible future actions.
The verb in the main clause is the PRESENT SIMPLE
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the future with WILL. (We can use other modal verbs such as can/ may)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PRESENT
If I study more
WILL/CAN + INFINITIVE
I will pass my exams

4. WOULD/ COULD + infinitive
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 2ND CONDITIONAL
IF I won the lotto, I’d give up work.
IF I knew to speak French, I COULD work in France.
Do I have real possibilities of giving up work? NO
2. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL SITUATIONS)
The second conditional talks about imaginary or unreal situations.
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the SIMPLE PAST
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the CONDITIONAL WITH WOULD. (We can use other modal verbs such as could/ might)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PAST
If I studied more
WOULD/ COULD + infinitive
I would pass my exams

5. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 3RD CONDITIONAL
IF I had called Tom before, he wouldn’t have come here in vane.
IF she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus.
Does she have any possibility of taking the bus on time?
NO. THE ACTION IS PAST
3. THIRD CONDITIONAL: (CONDITIONS IN THE PAST)
The third conditional expresses actions that could have been done in the past and it is impossible to do it in the present because the moment passed by. These conditional clauses are called IMPOSSIBLE conditional clauses because there’s nothing that the speaker can do to change the situation.
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL (WOULD HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If I had studied more
WOULD/ COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I would have passed my exams

6. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: MIXED CONDITIONAL
IF I you hadn’t stayed late last night, you wouldn’t be tired now.
4. MIXED CONDITIONAL (2nd and 3rd CONDITIONALS):
The mixed conditional is used to talk about actions that happened in the past that result in something that isn’t true or is true in the present .
The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT CONDITIONAL (WOULD + INFINITIVE)
CONDITION
CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you hadn’t drunk so much yesterday
WOULD+INFINITIVE
You wouldn’t be so bad today

8. CONDITIONAL CONJUNTIONS
UNLESS:
unless has a negative meaning, so the condition has an affirmative verb:
If you don’t help me, I wont pass the exam.
UNLESS
I won’t pass the exam UNLESS you help me.
2. AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED (THAT)/ PROVIDING (THAT) + any tense.
For strong conditions. (si y solo si)
As long as you pass this exam, you will go to university.
I let you go out provided (that) you come back at twelve.

9. 2nd and 3rd CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FORMAL STRUCTURES: INVERSIONS
1. Normal Conditionals:
If I had enough time, I’d read more books. (2nd conditional)
If we had called earlier, we’d have book better tickets. (3rd conditional)
2. INVERSIONS:
Had I enough time, I’d read more.
Had we called earlier, we’d….
WHAT HAPPENED?
In formal language, English uses INVERSIONS with conditional meaning by keeping the word order of the QUESTIONS:
AUXILIARY VERB+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB.
We would’t have missed the bus if we had left earlier.
LEFT
Had…………………………………………………………., we wouldn’t have left the bus.
WE LEFT EARLIER

10. INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
ADVERBS:
SCARCELY
+ PAST PERFECT
HARDLY
+PAST PERFECT
BARELY
+ WHEN CLAUSE
NORMAL SENTENCE:
HARDLY we had left, WHEN the thieves broke into our house.
INVERSION:
HARDLY had we left, WHEN the thieves…..
REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

11. INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
WITH FREQUENCY ADVERBS:
RARELY
+ PRESENT SIMPLE
SELDOM
+PRESENT SIMPLE
NEVER
+PRESENT PERFECT
NORMAL SENTENCE:
I rarely eat pasta before going to bed.
I’ve never heard such an unbelievable story before .
INVERSIONS:
RARELY do I eat pasta….
NEVER HAVE I HEARD such an unbelievable…..
REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

12. INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES
WITH NOT ONLY….BUT ALSO…..
Example:
Not only you arrived late, but also you made a lot of noise.
INVERSION (only the 1st adverbial clause):
Not only DID you arrive late, but also you made…..
REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

13. INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES
WITH NO SOONER…..THAN….
Example:
NO SOONER WE HAD SET OUT, THAN we got a flat tyre.
INVERSION (only the adverbial clause):
NO SOONER HAD WE SET OUT, THAN….
REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

14. CONDITIONALS: PRACTICE
She remembers Lucy’s birthday because Kate reminds her every year
If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
We are going to the concert because Tim comes with us
They don’t speak to Sara since they are angry with her.
You can’t leave if you don’t finish your homework.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IF KATE DIDN’T REMIND HER LUCY’S BIRTHDAY, SHE WOULDN’T REMEMBER IT
TOM DIDN’T COME WITH US WE WOULD NOT GO TO HE CONCERT
THEY WEREN’T ANGRY WITH SARA, HEY WOULD SPEAK TO HER
YOU CAN’T LEAVE UNLESS YOU FINISH YOUR HOMEWORK

15. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS
1.Parking is impossible if you arrive late.
ARRIVE
It’s impossible to park…………………….……………. ……..early.
2. We are cold because we forgot to bring our coats. IF
We…………………………………….we hadn’t forgotten our coats.
3. This mistake was caused by you being careless
MADE
If you hadn’t been careless, you ……………………………………..the mistake.
UNLESS YOU ARRIVE
WOULDN’T BE COLD IF
WOULD NOT HAVE MADE

16. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS
5. I might go to live in Australia but I’ll have to find a job first.
PROVIDED
I won’t live in Australia……………………………………………..a job first
6. It doesn’t matter if it rains cats and dogs tomorrow because we are going to play the match anyway.
EVEN
We’ll play the match ………………………………………cats and dogs.
7.You didn’t call me and that’s why you don’t know about the party.
KNOW
If you had called me, ………………………………………………….about the party.
PROVIDED (THAT) I FIND
EVEN IF IT RAINS
YOU WOULD KNOW