1. Acute Muscular RESPONsE to Low-load systemic & localised hypoxic resistance EXERCISE
BASES MASTERS DISSERTATION OF THE YEAR 2017
Ryan Marshall, William Sheldon & Lisa Board
University of Sunderland, Department of Sports & Exercise Sciences
Ryan Marshall. BSc, MSc
@RyanMarshall93

2. What is hypoxia & how can it Enhance resistance exercise?
Reduce Arterial Blood
Flow
Pressure
Cuff
Wearing the mask while participating in a 6-week high-intensity cycle ergometer training program does not appear to act as a simulator of altitude, but more like a respiratory muscle training device.
Porcari, J.P., et al 2016.
Adapted from Deldicque and Francaux.Cell and Mol Ex Physiol, 2013
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

3. Systemic hypoxia: What we already know…..n=11 studies
2 x per week/8 weeks
Leg Press Exercise 5 x 10 70% 1RM
FiO2 14.4%
2 x per week/6 weeks
Elbow Flexion Exercise 4 x 10 70% 1RM (FiO2 16%)
+52% Capillary density
+51% VEGF
+9.6% CSA RM
Nishimura et al (2010) Int J Sports Physiology Performance
Kon et al (2014) Physiological Reports
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

4. LOCALISED HYPOXIA: WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW..N=93 (clinical Trials)
2 days/wk, for 12 weeks
Leg Press Exercise 4 x 10 80% 1RM
or 30/15/15/15 30% 1RM
Twice daily, 6 days/wk, for 3 wk
Walking 5 x 2min 50m/min
+6% CSA
+7.4% 1RM
7.9% vs 6.6%
‘Similar’ Increase
Cuff Pressure 200 mmHg
Cuff Pressure 71mmHg
Abe et al (2006) Journal of Applied Physiology
Vechin et al (2015) Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

5. What does our study add to the literature?
Direct comparison of the two methods under a low-load (30% 1-RM)
Commonly prescribed protocol (30/15/15/15) 30s rest
Concurrent elbow flexion/extension exercises
Acute physiological responses
Cell Swelling
Metabolic Stress (lactate)
Tissue Oxygenation
Systemic stimulus = 10% FiO2 (>5500m)
Cuff pressure = 90% SBP (101 ± 12 mmHg)
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

6. Acute Skeletal muscle cell swelling
+18.7%
Muscle Thickness (mm)
Bone
+10%
Is muscle cell swelling important?
Potential links to; protein synthesis, satellite cell activation & vascular adaptations
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

7. Acute Metabolic accumulation
7.9mmol.L
4.9mmol.L
Baseline
Post
5mins Post
During
Does metabolic stress play a significant role in hypertrophic adaptations?
Linked to increased; hormonal secretion, fibre type recruitment
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

8. Acute MUSCLE TISSUE OXYGENATION
Severe hypoxia
- 48%
Perfusion
+ 41%
Does hypoxia play a significant role in hypertrophic adaptations?
Increased capillary density, delivery of amino acids, post exercise perfusion
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

9. Localised Hypoxia (BFR)
Merits / limitations
Localised Hypoxia (BFR)
 Quick
Limited to limbs
 Delayed onset muscle soreness
Systemic Hypoxia
 Ability to train full body/whole body movements >80%1RM
Longer duration of hypoxic stimulus needed >30mins

10. Systemic hypoxic resistance exercise in high performance sport.
Future research
More research needed on the molecular responses to explain mechanisms of adaptation.
Explore BFR for rehabilitation & clinical populations unable to utilise high loads (>70% 1RM).
Systemic hypoxic resistance exercise in high performance sport.

11. Take home message!
Current practical application is largely limited to athletic/recreationally active populations
DOMS issue – impact on training schedule
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017

12. Special thank you to Dr. Lisa Board & Bill Sheldon
thank YOU FOR LISTENING.
questions?
@RyanMarshall93
Special thank you to Dr. Lisa Board & Bill Sheldon
BASES Masters Dissertation of The Year 2017