Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection

Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection
Screen #: 1 Summary: This intro screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the lesson. Audio script in notes. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection DUI detection process generally means the entire process of identifying and gathering evidence accumulated to determine whether or not a subject should be arrested for a DUI offense. The detection process begins when a law enforcement officer first suspects that an individual may be driving under the influence and ends when that officer determines whether there is sufficient probable cause to arrest the subject for DUI. At the end of the lesson, you should know the three phases of DUI detection, the questions that must be answered in each phase, and the reliability of the standardized field sobriety tests (SFST) Summary: This Intro screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the activity. Navigation Notes: Will need play, pause, back buttons and a next button when the video has finished. [Audio] DUI detection process generally means the entire process of identifying and gathering evidence accumulated to determine whether or not a subject should be arrested for a DUI offense. The detection process begins when a law enforcement officer first suspects that an individual may be driving under the influence and ends when that officer determines whether there is sufficient probable cause to arrest the subject for DUI. Effective DUI enforcers do not immediately decide whether to arrest or not arrest a driver. Rather, they proceed carefully through a series of intermediate steps, each of which helps to identify the collective evidence. At the end of the lesson, you should know the three phases of DUI detection, the questions that must be answered in each phase, and the reliability of the standardized field sobriety tests (SFST) After viewing the video click Next arrow to continue ©2016

Screen #: 2 Summary: Home base screen. Begins lesson. Provides objectives as students begin the interactive portion of the activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection After successful completion of the lesson, recruits will be able to: Identify the three phases of DUI detection. Recall the questions that must be answered in each phase of DUI detection. Assess when appropriate to conduct a standardized field sobriety test. Summary: Home base screen. Begins interactivity. Provides objectives as students begin the interactive portion of the activity. You will be able to move forward and back in pages ahead using the controls here. The house will bring you to the beginning of the course. ©2016

Screen #: 3 Summary: overview of first topic of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection The DUI detection process does not always include all three phases. Sometimes contact with a DUI detection officer is absent in Phase One, for example, in cases in which the driver is passed out behind the wheel of a vehicle that is not in motion. This may also occur at the scene of a traffic crash or when you have responded to a request for motorist assistance. Sometimes there are DUI contacts in which Phase Three never occurs, so you would not administer formal tests to the driver. These may occur when the driver is so impaired or injured that he or she cannot perform the tests, or he or she refuses to submit to the tests. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016 Navigation Notes: Clicking on each light blue rectangle will navigate learners to that part of the lesson. The arrows take the learner to the next and previous screen of the lesson as needed. The house returns the learner to slide 2.

Screen #: 4 Summary: Overview. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection The DUI detection process does not always include all three phases. Sometimes contact with a DUI detection officer is absent in Phase One, for example, in cases in which the driver is passed out behind the wheel of a vehicle that is not in motion. Phase One : Vehicle in motion Observation of the driver operating the vehicle. Phase Two: Personal Contact After the vehicle stops, there usually is an opportunity to observe and speak with the driver face-to-face. Phase Three: Pre-arrest screening Administration of some structured standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs) to the driver to determine impairment. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 5 Summary: Instructions to activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation You will be presented with five scenarios. Select the phase that each scenario would occur in. Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in Phase one Phase two Phase three Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 6 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation At 1:30 this afternoon; motorist is observed driving an SUV going ten under the speed limit and having trouble staying between the lines. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 6 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation At 11PM vehicle is observed occupied by 4 male subjects with the windows down, and all of them are making wave actions with their hands in the wind. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 7 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation Vehicle is pulled over for a broken tail light, it's a Friday or Saturday night around peak DUI times and you engage the motorist in dialogue. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 8 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation Officer asks driver to submit to handheld breathalyzer. Result is over legal limit. Officer asks driver to perform SFST. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 9 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation Officer approaches occupied vehicle in a parking lot. Driver is asleep with the keys to the vehicle in the ignition. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Select which phase of the DUI investigation you/the officer would be in. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 10 Summary: Summary of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Three Phases of DUI Investigation In each phase of detection, you must determine whether there is sufficient evidence to establish the reasonable suspicion necessary to proceed to the next step in the detection process. Your duty is to carry out whatever tasks are appropriate and to make sure that all evidence of DUI is brought to light. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 11 Summary: Screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the lesson. Audio script in notes. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Intoxication is something that can be established in court as a "lay opinion" - the law here is that any adult can judge that another is intoxicated, whether by alcohol or another substance. An officer can have probable cause to arrest for DUI based on some basic observations like glassy eyes, smell of alcohol, erratic driving, etc. It is important to build a body of evidence. To some extent it protects the driver too. Note that you don't NEED all this evidence. There are some cases where a drunk guy caused a crash and was too physically injured to perform any SFSTs...but the officer still had to prove the driver was drunk. Summary: This Intro screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the activity. Navigation Notes: Will need play, pause, back buttons and a next button when the video has finished. [Audio] Usually a car stop goes like this: - traffic infraction (failure to maintain lane of travel, etc.) - PO notices signs of intox - PO asks driver to submit to handheld breathalyzer (not admissible in court) - PO asks driver to perform Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (they are standard across the USA). - After arrest, driver is asked to submit to the 'real' breathalyzer - probably the Intoxilyzer by CMI ( The reason for this is that (1) it's not illegal to drink and drive - it's illegal to be intoxicated or impaired while driving. so the initial "signs" - like smell of alcohol - don't immediately mean the person is intox. so further testing is needed (2) SFSTs - even the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus test - can be due to physical problems unrelated to drinking. (3) breathalyzers - especially the handheld ones - can be uncalibrated or set off by things unrelated to alcohol (for example, lactose intolerance) The only foolproof method of testing for intoxication is a blood test, and even that has to be done within a relatively short window of time. It is important to build a body of evidence. To some extent it protects the driver too. Note that you don't NEED all this evidence. There are some cases where a drunk guy caused a crash and was too physically injured to perform any SFSTs...but the officer still had to prove the driver was drunk. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 12 Summary: overview of second topic of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection At the end of each phase an officer will make a major decision in the DUI investigation. The decision can have one of three different outcomes: Yes Stop the vehicle. There is reasonable suspicion to stop the vehicle. Wait Look for additional evidence. Do not stop the vehicle yet; keep following and observing a bit longer. No Do not stop the vehicle. There are no grounds for stopping the vehicle. Let’s look at our scenarios from the previous lesson. Select what you/the officer should do. Summary: This Intro screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the activity. Navigation Notes: Will need play, pause, back buttons and a next button when the video has finished. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 13 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation At 1:30 this afternoon; motorist is observed driving an SUV going ten under the speed limit and having trouble staying between the lines. Yes Wait No Select what you/the officer should do. Question: Should I stop the vehicle? Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 14 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation At 11PM vehicle is observed occupied by 4 male subjects with the windows down, and all of them are making wave actions with their hands in the wind. Yes Wait No Select what you/the officer should do. Question: Should I stop the vehicle? Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 15 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Vehicle is pulled over for a broken tail light, it's a Friday or Saturday night around peak DUI times and you engage the motorist in dialogue. Yes Wait No Select what you/the officer should do. Question: Should I have the driver exit the vehicle? Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 16 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Officer asks driver to submit to handheld breathalyzer. Result is over legal limit. Officer asks driver to perform SFST. Driver fails to perform SFST. Yes Wait No Select what you/the officer should do. Question: Should I arrest the driver? Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 17 Summary: Activity. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Officer approaches occupied vehicle in a parking lot. Driver is asleep with the keys to the vehicle in the ignition. Yes Wait No Select what you/the officer should do. Question: Should I have the driver exit the vehicle? Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 18 Summary: Summary of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation The initial stop is based off an infraction. Sometimes, no infraction is committed, but the stop must be able to be concretely shown that actions performed by the suspect were enough to induce reasonable suspicion that a DUI is taking place. These infractions can be swerving over the dividing lines, speeding, running red lights, etc. Other clues that add into this are things that aren't necessarily infractions, but very telling actions, such as random speed increase/decrease, stopping too early/late, constant major correction of the vehicle's direction of travel, etc. These things; when combined, form the basis of the suspicion for the stop. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 19 Summary: overview of third topic of lesson. screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the lesson. Audio script in notes. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection For many years, law enforcement officers have used field sobriety tests to determine whether a driver is too impaired by alcohol to operate a vehicle. Officers use a person’s performance on the field sobriety tests to develop probable cause for arrest; the test results are also used as evidence in court. In the past, a wide variety of field sobriety tests existed, but criminal justice professionals and others realized there was a need for a battery of standardized valid tests. Summary: This Intro screen will use video instructions in order to provide the back story and context students will need to proceed through the activity. Navigation Notes: Will need play, pause, back buttons and a next button when the video has finished. [Audio] Beginning in late 1975, extensive scientific research studies were sponsored by NHTSA through a contract with the Southern California Research Institute (SCRI) to determine which roadside field sobriety tests were the most accurate. SCRI traveled to law enforcement agencies throughout the United States to select the most commonly used field sobriety tests. Six tests were used in the initial stages of the study. The three standardized tests were found to be highly reliable in identifying subjects whose alcohol concentrations were above the legal limit. The results of the study unmistakably validated the SFSTs. Once the stop has started, the SFST is used to accurately demonstrate that the suspect is unable to perform simple actions, and is too inebriated to be driving legally. The SFST collects little bits of evidence, and the breathalyzer helps solidify the case. If the suspect blows over the legal limit, 0.08%, they are then formally charged with DUI. If the result is less than 0.08%, the previous observations have shown the suspect to be in violation of the law due to their state of intoxication, and the could be arrested anyway. Remember that officer discretion is subjective at that point. If it cannot be shown that the suspect was too intoxicated to drive, and the breathalyzer shows them to be under the legal limit, they will more than likely be let go, maybe with a warning, maybe with a ticket for not stopping at a stop sign. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 20 Summary: Info. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Research and Development of SFSTs Laboratory research indicated three tests that, when administered in a standardized manner, were the most accurate and reliable battery of tests for distinguishing alcohol impairment: Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Walk-and-Turn (WAT) One-Leg Stand (OLS) (These tests will be discussed in detail in a different lesson) Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 21 Summary: Info. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Research and Development of SFSTs The final phase of this study was conducted as a field validation. Standardized, practical, and effective procedures were developed. The tests were determined to discriminate between impaired and unimpaired drivers in the field, as well as in the laboratory. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 22 Summary: Info. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Research and Development of SFSTs The 1998 San Diego SFST validation field study was undertaken because of the nationwide trend towards lowering the alcohol concentration limits to 0.08. The question to be answered was “Do SFSTs discriminate at an alcohol concentration below 0.10?” The study was published by NHTSA and provided clear evidence of the validity of the SFST battery that was repeatable across the country. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 23 Summary: Info. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Research and Development of SFSTs Correct arrest decisions were made 91% of the time based on the three-test battery (HGN, WAT, OLS). HGN, by itself, was 88% accurate. WAT, by itself, was 79% accurate. OLS, by itself, was 83% accurate. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 24 Summary: Summary of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation The results of these studies provided clear evidence of the validity of the three-test battery to support arrest decisions at, above, or below It strongly suggests that the SFSTs also accurately discriminate alcohol concentration at 0.04 and above. This is the final section of the lesson. You will need to complete a short review before moving on to the next lesson. Click the check papers to begin the review. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 25 Summary: Final Review test. Contains questions assessing the lesson objectives. Final Review This review would use the test-editing tools from any eLearning software. Dropdowns, choice selects and fill in the blanks. 1. List the three phases of DUI investigation. Phase One: ____________ Phase Two: ____________ Phase Three: ____________ 3. In your own words, explain the role of SFSTs in the DUI investigation. 2. Match the question with the phase of DUI investigation. 1. Should I stop the vehicle? A. Phase Three: Pre-arrest screening 2. Should I have the driver exit the vehicle? B. Phase Two: Personal Contact 3. Should I arrest the driver? C. Phase One: Vehicle in motion Would add a final review using the tools available in the captivate software. Or an HTML review that can be embedded into the lesson. ©2016

Screen #: 26 Summary: Lesson Conclusion. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Conclusion If you completed the final review with an 80% or higher, congratulations you have completed the lesson. A score of 80% or higher is required for successful completion of this lesson. If you scored less than 80%, you will need to go through the lesson again to take the final review for another attempt to meet the required score. Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Screen #: 27 Summary: End of lesson. Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection Conclusion The main goals of DUI detection are: to identify the three phases in DUI detection to take adequate field notes and write comprehensive reports to present evidence in DUI in court The most successful DUI detectors are those officers who: know what to look and listen for have the skills to ask the right kinds of questions choose and use the right types of tests make the correct observations Next Lesson Three Phases of DUI Investigation Questions for Phases of DUI Investigation Standardized Field Sobriety Tests ©2016

Lesson One: Introduction to DUI Detection

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