1. Braches of Medicine

2. How to become a Doctor 4 years minimum of Bachelors Degree
In senior year you take the entrance exam, MCAT (SAT for Med School).
4 years in Medical School (M.D.)
1-4 years of residency in your specialty
You are paid…but very little. Long hours.
Drs. use the “allopathic” approach

3. Branches of Medicine General Medicine Family doctor
Otorhinolaryngology
Study of Ear, Nose & Throat (ENTs)
Ophthalmology
Study of the Eyeball
Endocrinology-
Study of Hormones and their effect on the body
Epidemiology-
Study of disease in the population
Microbiology-
Study of microbes
Neurology-
Study of nervous system
Pathology
Study of the diagnosis of disease
Oncology
Study of the treatment of cancer.
Pharmacology-
Study of the effects of medications on the body
Psychiatry-
Study of the treatment of mental disorders using medications
Psychology- treatment of mental disorders using talk therapy
Psychologist are not MDs; they also cannot prescribe meds.

4. Branches of Medicine Radiology-
Study of diagnosis through diagnostic images (CT,MRI, X-rays)
Podiatry-
Study of foot issues
Pediatrics-
Medicine of children
Dermatology-
Medicine of the skin
Obstetrics
Medicine of childbirth
Gynecology-
Study of “lady” issues
Urology-
Study of “man” issues and urinary system
Anesthesiology-
Study of management of patient during surgery
Orthopedics-
Medicine dealing with bone development and/or repair.

5. Internal Medicine
Internal medicine is the branch dealing with problems with MULTIPLE organ systems.
Doctors are called Internists.
Sub-specialities include:
Cardiology- medicine of the heart
Gastroenterology- medicine of the stomach and intestines
Nephrology- medicine of the kidneys
Geriatrics- medicine of the elderly
Hematology- medicine of the blood
Pulmonology- medicine of lower respiratory system (lungs)

6. “You are not a doctor!” Doctor of Podiatry (DP)-
examines and treats problems with the feet.
Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)-
focuses on proper alignment of spine and natural approaches for treatment
Doctor of Dental Science (DDS)- Dentists
Doctor of Optometry (DO)-
Focus on visual defects and corrective lenses only
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)-
Low-level psychologist; higher level ones earn a PhD from an accredited university.
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)- Pharmacists
Doctor of Naturopathy (Holistic Science) (DN)-
Focuses on the use of proper nutrition, herbs, minerals in lieu of medications.
Cause of illness more important than treating symptoms (allopathic)

7. Quizzito 1. pulmonology 2. urology 3. obstetrics 4. epidemiology
5. gastroenterology
6. radiology
7. oncology
8. pathology
9. orthopedics
10. anesthesiology
A. interpretation of x-rays
B. birthing doctor
C. cancer treatment
D. male reproductive issues
E. tracking of disease
F. putting patients to sleep
G. diagnosis of disease
H. bones
I. lungs
J. digestive system

8. Entry Level Professions
High School Degree
Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA)- $10/hour
Perform menial tasks
Community college (Associates-2 year degrees)
Surgical Tech (“Scrub” Techs)
Prepares OR rooms and hand instruments to surgeons
X-ray tech
Techs begin as “plain-film” or orthopedic (bone) techs
Then move up to higher specialties (CT, MRI, Nuclear Med, Sonography)
Entry Level Professions

9. Community college level (cont)
Lab tech
Analyzes body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, etc.) for pathology
Paramedic
“First responders” to traumatic events
Medical Assistant
Perform vital signs, blood draws, stocking, cleaning, et al “Nurse light”
Pharmacy Techs
Assist pharmacist in dispensing medications
All of these require passage of certification exam.
These jobs garner approx. $40,000/year.

10. Mid-Level Occupations
Require a Bachelors Degree or Higher (Masters+)
Respiratory Therapist
Assist patients with difficulty breathing
AA or BA. $60K/year
Physical Therapist
Assist in rehabilitation of patient after trauma
4 years post-BA, $80/year
Pharmacist
4 years post-BA. $100K/year—PharmDs
Pharm Techs work under them.
Physician Assistant (PA) “Mini-doctors)
3 years post-BA. $100K+ year
Works under and prescribes under the license of M.D.
Able to diagnose, order treatments and prescribe medications

11. Nursing Nursing Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)
Community-college/vocational schooling 2-years
$40,000K/year
Registered Nurse (RN)
AA or BA degree
$70,000+/year
Both LVN and RN perform doctor’s orders of checking vital signs, providing medications, administering catheters, et al.
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
Similar to PA, Able to diagnose, order treatments and prescribe medications “Mini Doctor #2”
4 years post-BA
$100K/year

12. Hospital Departments Patient Flow Emergency Room (ER)
Acute patients are triaged by the ER.
Triage- to prioritize patients based on severity of symptoms
Patients are stabilized and are either released or sent to:
Operating Rooms (OR) if in need of surgery, or
Intensive Care Unit (ICU), (NICU for newborns) (PICU for children)
Patients in critical condition are placed here after surgery or ER.
Here they die or sent to:
Recovery “The floors”- may be here from days to weeks

13. Hospital Departments (cont)
Other Departments
Laboratory
Diagnostics Imaging
Pharmacy
Labor & Delivery
If babies are in distress they are sent to NICU.
Respiratory Therapy
Rehab (Physical and Occupational Therapy)
Materials Management (Central Supply)
Responsible for maintaining hospital supplies
Biomed
Responsible for repairing damaged machines

14. Hospital Emergency Codes
Codes are code words used in hospitals to notify employees of an important event occurring w/o patients/visitors knowing what it is.
Code All Stop: Weapon in hospital
Code Blue
Cardiac or Respiratory Arrest
Code Red
Fire
Code Pink
Infant Abduction
Code Grey
Disaster
Code Black
Bomb Threat
Code Orange
Hazardous spill

15. Quizzito 1. Respiratory Therapist A. The degree conferred to dentists
2. Chiropractor B. Prepare the OR rooms
3. Physical Therapist C. Low-level nurses
4. Podiatrist D. Treat plantar warts, bunions, and flat feet
5. Naturopathic Dr. E. Able to diagnose disease and prescribe drugs
6. Surgical Tech F. Help people with asthma and bronchitis
7. LVN G. Properly align the spine
8. Physician Assistant H. Count and dispense drugs
9. Pharm Techs I. Use nutrition and herbs to treat chronic disease
10. DDS J. Help people regain range of motion

16. Turn in handout on the pile on my desk.
Please have your notes available on your desk. I will be grading them before the test.
Turn in handout on the pile on my desk.