1. UNSTRUCTURED & TEMPORARY ACTION
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
UNSTRUCTURED & TEMPORARY ACTION
RESPONSE TO A COMMON STIMULI

2. TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
CROWD
CASUAL CROWD
CONVENTIONAL CROWD
ACTIVE CROWD
EXPRESSIVE CROWD
THE MASSES
CRAZES
FADS
FASHIONS
PUBLIC
PUBLIC OPINION

3. RANDOM GATHERING OF PEOPLE
PARTICIPANTS ARE NOT EMOTIONALLY AROUSED
LACK OF UNITY
CASUAL CROWD
LITTLE INTERACTION

4. FOCUS IS HIGHLY STRUCTURED
PLANNED GATHERING
PRESENCE OF EVENT
FOCUS IS HIGHLY STRUCTURED
CONVENTIONAL CROWD

5. EXCITED & AGGRESSIVE GROUP
MADNESS AS AN EXPLANATION TO AN UNEXPLAINED PHENOMENON
ACTIVE CROWD

6. Copyright © 2003 Allyn & Bacon

7. MAIN PURPOSE: SELF-STIMULATION & INSPIRATION
EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS
RELIGIOUS GATHERING
EXPRESSIVE CROWD

8. MEMBERS FROM ALL SOCIAL STRATA
ANONYMOUS INDIVIDUALS
THE MASSES

10. SHORT-LIVED POPULAR COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
DEFINED AS BIZARRE BY MOST PEOPLE
CRAZE

11. RELATIVE TRIVIAL ACTIVITY
PEOPLE ADOPT QUICKLY
NOVELTIES OF INTEREST
FADS

13. TRENDS IN CLOTHING, MUSIC
FASHION

14. PEOPLE WHO ARE GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATED
COMMON SENTIMENT ON SOME ISSUES
FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION
PUBLIC

15. STAND ON AN ISSUE HELD BY THE PUBLIC
EXPRESSED IN ANY FORM OF MEDIA
PUBLIC OPINION

17. RECEIVING AN AMBIGUOUS SITUATION
UNVERIFIED COMMUNICATION
TRANSMITTED BY WORD OF MOUTH
RUMORS

18. LEVELING SHARPENING ASSIMILATION PROCESS OF RUMORS
REPORT BECOMING SHORTER & CONCISE
LEVELING
REPORT THAT IS SELECTIVELY RETAINED
SHARPENING
INTERPRETING REPORTS WITH PREJUDICES & STEREOTYPES
ASSIMILATION
PROCESS OF RUMORS

19. EXPLANATION OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

20. BELIEF THAT BEHAVIOR IS A RESULT OF UNEDUCATED, IMPULSIVE & INFERIOR BEHAVIOR
IGNORANT MASS VIEW

21. NOT BECAUSE OF SAVAGERY
DISSATISFACTION/ ALIENATION OF ONE’S SITUATION
ALIENATED MASS VIEW

22. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR RESULTS FROM A BROAD SOCIAL CONDITION
VALUE-ADDED THEORY

23. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR WHICH ATTEMPTS TO CHANGE SOCIETY’S STRUCTURE
DELIBERATE MANNER
DEVELOPED OUT OF CLASS STRUGGLE
MOVEMENT

24. STAGE OF MOVEMENT CHARACTERIZED BY CONFUSION
INCIPIENT PHASE

25. IDEOLOGIES, PROGRAMS ARE DEFINED
ORGANIZED PHASE

27. EVOLUTION TO A BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION
STABLE PHASE

28. KIND OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
POWER-ORIENTED MOVEMENT
PERSUASION-ORIENTED MOVEMENT
PARTICIPATION-ORIENTED MOVEMENT

29. USE OF COERCION OR ILLEGITIMATE MEANS
POWER-ORIENTED MOVEMENT

31. LEGAL MEANS TO ACCOMPLISH THINGS
USE OF MEDIA

32. MAIN CONCERN: CREATE FOLLOWERS
PARTICIPATION-ORIENTED MOVEMENT

33. ALTERING THE ENTIRE PRACTICE OF A SOCIETY THROUGH TIME

34. EXPLANATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
THEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
NULL EXPLANATION
GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM
MATERIAL DETERMINISM
BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
CULTURAL DETERMINISM

35. DIVINE INTERVENTION IN HUMAN AFFAIRS
THEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

38. NO CAUSE OR REASON FOR CHANGE
Mind has no capacity to comprehend change
NULL EXPLANATION

40. SOCIAL CHANGE IS CAUSED BY CHANGES IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM

42. CHANGES IN MATERIAL CULTURE OR INVENTIONS
MATERIAL DETERMINISM

46. CHANGE BY THE BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF HUMAN MIND
BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

49. CHANGE IN NON-MATERIAL CULTURE (BEHAVIOR)
CULTURAL DETERMINISM

51. SOURCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
PRIMARY DIFFUSION
SECONDARY DIFFUSION
STIMULUS DIFFUSION

53. OCCURS THROUGH MIGRATION
PRIMARY DIFFUSION

54. DIRECT TRANSFER OF SOMETHING FROM ONE SOCIETY TO ANOTHER
SECONDARY DIFFUSION

55. TRANSFER OF IDEASc
STIMULUS DIFFUSION

56. FORMS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
CYCLICAL
LINEAR

57. CULTURE IS REPEATED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
CYCLICAL

58. CULTURE NEVER RECURS
LINEAR

59. KINDS OF SOCIAL CHANGE DIRECTED SOCIAL CHANGE
NON-DIRECTED SOCIAL CHANGE

60. A NEED FOR IT (NECESSARY)
INVOLVING THE AGENTS OF CHANGE & THE TARGETS OF CHANGE
DIRECTED SOCIAL CHANGE

61. CHANGE FROM THE ADVENT OF UNEXPECTED SITUATIONS
NON-DIRECTED SOCIAL CHANGE

62. THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES
CYCLICAL THEORIES
EQULIBRIUM THEORY
CONFLICT THEORY

63. FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX PROCESS
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

64. RISE AND FALL OF SOCIETIES
CYCLICAL THEORIES

65. MOVING TOWARDS INTEGRATION
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

66. COMPETITION ON SCARCE RESOURCES
CONFLICT THEORY

67. EXPLANATION ON THE CAUSES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

68. SOCIETY AS CAUSE OF PROBLEMS
SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

69. CAUSED BY INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

70. SOCIAL PROBLEMS ARE INHERITED BIOLOGICALLY
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION