1. Background Ethiopia: second populous country in Africa, 80 million
- women and children constitute 72%
of the population.
- 49.7% of Ethiopia's’ population are
female
- TFR is estimated 4.8
- Maternal mortality rate is estimated at
673 /100,000 live births.

2. Background
Per capita expenditure on health $ 2.31 compared to India $ 9, S. Africa $ 100, U.K $ 1780
Doctor to population ratio 1: 42,700
Nurse to population ratio 1: 4,200

3. Child health Under 15 years constitute 44.7% of the population
Of which 40% are under five and 8% are under one year.
Infant mortality rate is 59/1000 live births
Under five mortality rate 88/1000 live births
Neonatal mortality rate 37/1000 live births

4. Child health 1/20 born alive die in their first month of life
1/10 die before reaching their 1st birth
day
1/6 die before reaching their fifth birthday

5. Child health
More than 70% of these deaths are due to the five diseases.
Pneumonia 28.9%
Malaria 21.6%
Diarrhea 12%
Measles 5%
60% of these deaths are associated with malnutrition
Perinatal 22%
HIV/AIDS 11%

6. Malaria Prevalent in 75% of the country
4-5 million are affected every year
40 million are at risk
Morbidity and mortality is high in children
Only 20% of children under five who experience malaria visit existing clinics
The case fatality rate currently ranges from 17-35%

7. diarrhea
One of the major causes of under five mortality and morbidity next to lower respiratory infection and measles
In a nationwide rural survey 12.5% of children 6-59 months had diarrhea in the past two weeks.
There is an estimate of 230,000 under five deaths each year due to diarrhea.
The median incidence of diarrhea is estimated to be 5 episodes/child/year.
Clean water coverage is about 31%

8. HIV/AIDS (2001) Prevalence rate 2.1%
Number of orphans – current report is 4 million
Prevalence in pregnant women 6%- 23%
60,000 newborns infected through MTCT
40% of infected children die before 1 yr of age
50-75% die before 5th birthday

9. Nutrition Ethiopian Ministry of Health document shows that :
47% of under fives are stunted
8% are wasted
37% are underweight
15% are low birth weight
Malnutrition, underlying cause of death in >50% of deaths of under fives
In Ethiopia more than five out of ten under fives are chronically malnourished

10. Health and health related indicators –MOH/2011
Rate/coverage
Total fertility rate
4.8
Maternal mortality rate
673
Antenatal service coverage
34%
Attended skilled delivery coverage
26.4%
Postnatal service coverage
15.8%
Family planning service coverage
29.0%

11. Basic health indicators, MOH, 2011
CURRENT ESTIMATES
Life expectancy at birth
53.4(M), 55.4(F) years
IMR/1000 live births
59/1000
Crude birth rate
44/1000
Total fertility rate
6.1 children per woman
Crude death rate
15/1000
Access to Basic Health Service
86%
Contraceptive usage
29%
Population growth rate
2.9%

12. The way forward The IMNCI strategy 1. Improve health worker skill
2. Improve the health system
3. Improve family and community health
seeking behavior
ENA approach
PMTCT
Roll back malaria initiative – new drug introduced

13. Essential Nutrition Action, program objectives
Additional feeding for pregnant and lactating mothers
Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months
Complementary feeding after 6 months of age
Extra feeding for the child during illness
Micronutrient supplementation
Immunization

14. Prevention of Mother to child transmission of HIV
The four prongs:
Primary prevention
Prevention of unintended pregnancies in HIV infected mother
Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV
Care and support to HIV infected women, their infants and families

15. Roll back malaria initiative
Systematic data collection
Vector control
Insecticide treated nets
Indoor residual spraying
Integrated vector management
Case management
Support research

16. There is still great hope!
The promised land!
“ Let Ethiopia hasten to stretch out her
hands to God”
Psalm (68:31)

18. Thank you