1. What sequences of amino acids do you end up with?
Date:
3/16/17
Topic:
Mutations
Page # ___
Must wear uniforms/IDs!
3/16/17
EBHS
Admit Slip
Gene: TTCGATCGC
Replicate
Transcribe
Translate
What sequences of amino acids do you end up with?

2. Central Dogma of Biology
Original gene: T T C G A T C G C
Replication: A A G C T A G C G
Transcription: U U C G A U C G C
Translation: Phe – Asp – Arg
DNA  RNA  Proteins

3. The Central Dogma Remember: In replication, DNA  DNA using A, T, C, G
In transcription, DNA  RNA, using A, U, C, G
In translation, mRNAtRNA using A, U, C, G tRNA  amino acids using triplet code

4. Present Projects
Woohoo! Let’s goooo

5. Homework Review Check homework first Review bolded answers
“Protein Synthesis Worksheet”

7. Machinery*
DNA  DNA
Reads the DNA template strand to create a complementary DNA strand __________________
Reads the DNA template strand to create a complementary RNA strand __________________
Reads the RNA strand to create the corresponding amino acids __________________
DNA  RNA
RNA  Amino Acids (Proteins)

8. What happens when something goes wrong??
Mutations!!
In pairs, make a list of everything that comes to mind when you think of the word “mutant”

9. Class Shareout

10. Mutations Changes in the DNA sequence Leads to changes in the mrNA
Date:
________
Topic:
Mutations HW Notes
Page # ___
Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence
Leads to changes in the mrNA
May change protein
May change trait

11. Review: Types of Mutations
You should have all these in your HW notes already!

12. Point Mutation
(one base change)

13. Types of Point Mutations
Nonsense mutation* = change to STOP
Protein ends up much shorter than intended (fewer amino acids)

14. Types of Point Mutations*
Missense mutation
Changes amino acid*
Example:
GCA  Ala
But if mutation occurs and GCA becomes GUA
GUA  Val

15. Missense Mutation Ex.* Sickle Cell Anemia* Sickle Cells
Normal red blood cells

16. Types of Point Mutations
Silent mutation* = no change to protein
If there is a change in the base code, why doesn’t the protein switch?

17. Types of Mutations* Point mutation Frameshift mutation
Change to ONE letter (base) in the DNA
May change protein
Examples…
Frameshift mutation
Addition OR deletion of one base
Shift DNA frame (changes codons)
Big changes to protein!

18. Frameshift: Add or delete one or more bases
Frameshift Mutations
Frameshift: Add or delete one or more bases

19. Types of Frameshift Mutations
Insertion = add one or more bases*
How much does it change the protein?
A lot!

20. Types of Frameshift Mutations
Deletion = lose one or more bases*
How much does this change the protein?
A lot!

21. Deletion Example
Cystic Fibrosis

22. Mutations Practice Worksheet
Complete whole worksheet during class
Mutations Practice Worksheet

23. Genetic Mutations
Do you know of any?

24. Progeria Mutation in the LMNA gene
Protein that keeps the cell nucleus healthy
Causes premature aging
Most people die around age 13 from heart attack or stroke
Affects 1 in 8,000,000 births

25. Hypertrichosis “Werewolf Syndrome” Mutation of the 8th chromosome
Excessive hair growth
Not treatable, but purely cosmetic

26. The Science of Mutations
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