1. Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

2. Bacterial Diseases Syphilis Typhoid Fever Gangrene Pink Eye Gonorrhea
Bacterial Meningitis
Strept Throat
Ear infections
Sinus Infections
Tetanus
Pneumonia
Plague
Dysentery
Whooping Cough
Gangrene
Pink Eye
Botulism
Flesh Eating Bacteria
E. Coli
Salmonella
Urinary Tract Infections
Acne
Tuberculosis
Chemical Warfare
Anthrax

3. Beneficial Bacteria E. Coli Protein source Yogurt Saprophytes Cheese
Vinegars
Wine
Biotechnology
Buttermilk
Sourcream
Protein source
Saprophytes
Decomposing dead organisms
Oil Eating bacteria
Agriculture
Nitrogen fixing bacti
Bacterial Cement
Sewage Plants
Some countries grow bacteria as a protein source.
Intestinal bacteria produce & release vitamins (vit.K) & break down proteins, staarches & fat.
Lactic Acid bacteria used by dairy industries to manufacture yogurt, cottage cheese, buttermilk, cheese & sour cream.
Vinegars are made by allowing acetic acid bacteria to oxidize the alcohol in wine apple cider or malt.

4. Prokaryotes (Pro means first)
Earth’s first cells are thought to be bacteria (prokaryotes)
No nuclear envelope
Chromosome is circular and exposed in cell cytoplasm (not protected in nucleus)
No membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes are floating in cytoplasm
Bacteria may cause disease in plants as well as in humans & other animals

5. Kingdom Monera broken into Two Kingdoms
EUBACTERIA
Cyanobacteria is the direct ancestor
Found everywhere
Bacteria that cause disease and decay
ARCHAEBACTERIA
Ancestor of eukaryotic cells!
Rare today-found in extreme conditions
ie; hot springs, ocean vents & acidic waters

6. Thermoacidophiles – Love hot, acidic waters
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria – The Extremists
Halophiles – Salt Lovers
Methanogens – Gas Producers
Thermoacidophiles – Love hot, acidic waters

7. Eubacteria Eubacteria The Heterotrophs Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

8. History Antony Van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur 1822-1895
Discovered bacteria in 1684
Louis Pasteur
Disproved spontaneous generation
Showed the air was filled with microorganisms that could cause decay unless removed or destroyed
Joseph Lister
English Surgeon
Applied Pasteur's principles to protection of wounds from airborne microbes by sterilizing surgical instruments, dressings, and operating rooms

9. History
Robert Koch
Koch’s Postulates maintained that one could probe a bacterium caused a particular disease if four conditions were met (warmth, food, moisture, and habitat )
Koch pioneered the use of nutrient agar
Alexander Fleming
Discovered Antibiotics
Note: Open Koch and Fleming pictures

10. History
1870’s
Bacterial Pathogens for many of the most deadly diseases were discovered during the next 30 years:
Anthrax, gonorrhea, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, pneumonia, meningitis, gas gangrene, plague, botulism, dysentery, whooping cough and many more

11. Cocci – spherical shaped
Bacterial Shapes
Diplococcus – pairs
Streptococcus – long chains
Staphylococcus – grapelike clusters
Cocci – spherical shaped

12. Bacterial Shapes Baccilus – rod shaped Diplobacillus Streptobacillus
Pairs
Streptobacillus
Short chains
Can be spore formers

13. Spirillum – a spiral shaped bacterium
Bacterial Shapes
Spirillum – a spiral shaped bacterium
(corkscrew)
They do not group together but separate after division
Treponema pallidum is a spiral shaped bacterium
It causes Syphilis

14. Typical Bacterial Morphology
Plasma Membrane
DNA Molecule
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

15. Bacteria II
Chapter 19 section I

16. Recap: Typical Bacterial Morphology
Plasma Membrane
DNA Molecule
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes