1. AP Gov Review: Video #5 Federalism
Everything You Need To Know About Federalism To Succeed In AP Gov

2. Federalism: A Brief Intro
What is it?
The division of powers between the national (federal, central) government and states
Since the inception of the Constitution, power has moved towards the national government
Also called a federal system of government

3. Federalism: A Brief Analogy
Principals
Teachers
Both
Assign HW
Suspend Students
Give
Detentions
Teach
Hire Teachers
Give Grades
Call
Parents
Create Schedules

4. Federalism: A Brief Visual
National Government
States
Both
10th Amendment
Coin $
Collect
Taxes
Education
Declare War
Licensing
Professionals
Make treaties
Enforce
Laws
Establish
Post Offices
Marriage and
Divorce
Borrow
& Spend $

5. Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution
Enumerated Powers:
Powers that are specifically mentioned in the Constitution given to Congress - coining $, taxes, etc.
Elastic Clause:
“Necessary and proper” clause - “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers…..”
Debates emerged over the interpretation of the Constitution
Strict - Jefferson and his followers
Loose - Hamilton and his followers

6. The 10th Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
What does it means?
If it’s not a responsibility of the national government (declaring war, coining $), it belongs to the states (marriage, licensing, speed limits, education, etc.)
States’ Rights advocates often point to this amendment to limit the scope of the National government

7. Dual Federalism State Governments National Government
Occurred between the creation of the Constitution - FDR’s New Deal
Power is divided clearly between both the national government and state governments
Often described as a layer cake
Clear distinction between the two layers
The power of the national government is narrowly interpreted
State
Governments
National Government

8. Cooperative Federalism
Became more prominent after FDR’s New Deal
States and the national government share powers
Often described as a marble cake, where there is not a clean distinction between the two levels of government
Examples:
Highways - Interstate Highway System in the 1950s combined federal and state efforts to build
Education - No Child Left Behind (Bush) and Race To The Top (Obama)
Elements of Cooperative Federalism:
Shared costs between governments and federal guidelines with requirements for states receiving $ (raising drinking age to receive highway $)

9. Devolution (New Federalism)
What is it?
Transferring certain national government powers back to state governments
This idea became popular under Ronald Reagan in the 1980s
The federal government follows this policy by providing grants….

10. **Federal Grants** Types of grants:
Categorical - main source of grants, have a narrow, clearly-defined purpose
Project - given based on applications (Race To The Top)
Formula - $ is distributed based on a formula without an application (Medicaid)
Block grants - $ is given with discretion to states with how to spend

11. Quick Recap Enumerated Powers Elastic Clause 10th Amendment
Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
Devolution
Types of grants

12. Test Tips Multiple-Choice
10th Amendment, Elastic Clause, and Enumerated Powers
**Types of Grants**
Free Response:
How federalism limits the power of the national government
Evolution of federalism over time

13. See You Back Here For Video #6: Theories Of Democratic Government
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