1. Vocabulary Important Words Headings
ORGANIC CHEMIS
Vocabulary
Important Words
Headings

2. What is organic chemistry?
The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON
Natural elements:
make up 96% of the mass of a human:
CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (C,H,O,N)
Trace elements:
only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”

3. What is a macromolecule?
A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS
Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS
formed by polymerization

4. The types of Macromolecules:
CARBOHYDRATES TEXT P. 45
NUCLEIC ACIDS TEXT P. 47
LIPIDS TEXT P. 46
PROTEINS TEXT P. 47

5. CARBOHYDRATES Made up of C,H,O Used as main source of energy (2 types)
Sugars: quick source of energy
Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose
Monosaccharide-simple sugar, not decomposable to simpler sugars (fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose)
Disaccharide-any of a class of sugars (sucrose, lactose) that comes from the combo of two monosaccharide molecules
Polysaccharide- two or more molecules of monosaccharides: one of the more complex carbohydrates (cellulose, starch, or glycogen)

6. CARBS CONTINUED… 2. Starches: many sugars linked together
source of energy BUT breaks down slower
Used by plants for energy storage
Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains
Starch
Glucose

7. LIPIDS Made up mainly of C & H
Used to store energy, insulation & protection
Insoluble in water
Saturated:
has maximum number of H bonds
usually solid at room temperature
Unsaturated:
at least one double bond
causes “kinks”/bends = makes close packing much more difficult
usually liquid

8. PROTEINS Made up of N,C,H,O
Made up of groups called: amino acids--(20 in nature)
proteins have a large variety of sizes & shapes
If the shape changes→ it becomes a new protein
Ex: when you boil an egg, the protein changes color, shape
Found in muscles & cell membrane (lipid bilayer)

9. Proteins being made by DNA
                                                                                                                   
              
Proteins being made by DNA
Amino acids attach to the other end of our translators to form a chain. This chain is now a protein, and can be used by the body.

10. Nucleic Acids Made up of H,O,N,C & P
Store and transmit genetic information
Made up of nucleotides
Two types:
DNA & RNA