1. Integumentary System
Chapter 3 1

2. Introduction

3. Epidermis Dermis (corium) Stratum corneum Basal layer
Structure
Epidermis
Stratum corneum
Basal layer
Dermis (corium)
Subcutaneous tissue
Binds dermis to underlying structures
Structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 3

4. Skin’s Accessory Organs
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Hair
Nails
Structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 4

5. Skin Function
Covers and protects the body from pathogens and other harmful substances.
Sweat and oil glands produce secretions.
Contains an intricate network of sensory receptors. 5

6. Skin Function Regulates body temperature, pain, and pressure.
Synthesizes vitamin D.
Melanocytes produced in basal layer give color to the skin.
Pedagogical Note: For instructors who do not need A&P coverage, please delete and replace the slides to suit your individual classroom needs. The image bank is available from the DavisPlus instructor website to develop additional A&P slides or to expand the slide presentation in other sections of this PowerPoint presentation. 6

7. Structure and Function Exercise
What does the term integument mean?
2. What are the accessory structures of the skin?
3. What are the functions of the subcutaneous
layer of tissue? 7

8. Structure and Function Exercise
1. What does the term integument mean?
Integument refers to the skin.
2. What are the accessory structures of the skin?
Hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil).
3. What are the functions of the subcutaneous
layer of tissue?
Binds the dermis to underlying structures; stores
fats, insulates and cushions the body,
and regulates temperature.
Pedagogical Note: Questions only are presented on the first slide. Questions with answers (in red) are presented on the following slide. For testing purposes, you may wish to use only the question slides. 8

9. Structure and Function Exercise
4. In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from damaging effects of the sun?
5. Which accessory organs produce oil?
6. List the sensations provided by the skin. 9

10. Structure and Function Exercise Answers
4. In the basal layer, what specialized cells
protect the skin from damaging effects of the sun?
Melanocytes, which produce melanin.
5. Which accessory organs produce oil?
Sebaceous glands.
6. List the sensations provided by the skin.
The skin provides nerve endings that sense
heat, cold, pressure, and touch. 10

11. cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o: skin adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: fat
Combining Forms
cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o: skin
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: fat
hidr/o, sudor/o: sweat
ichthy/o: dry, scaly

12. Sweating
Diaphoresis – diffuse, excessive sweating, usually as a symptom or side effect
Hyperhidrosis pertains to sweating excessively and unpredictably, usually as a result of overactive sweat glands.
Sudoriferous bearing or secreting sweat.

14. cyan/o: blue
melan/o: black
kerat/o: horny tissue; hard; cornea
myc/o: fungus (plural, fungi)

16. Palor

17. Combining Forms
onych/o: nail pil/o, trich/o: hair scler/o: hardening; sclera (white of eye) seb/o: sebum, sebaceous
Pedagogical Note: Encourage students to enhance and reinforce their study of word elements by visiting DavisPlus and completing the audio exercise for this chapter.

18. squam/o: scale leuk/o: white erythr/o: red
Combining Forms
squam/o: scale leuk/o: white erythr/o: red

19. -phoresis: carrying, transmission -plasty: surgical repair
Suffixes
-derma: skin
-oid: resembling
-phoresis: carrying, transmission
-plasty: surgical repair

20. 1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/ 2. treatment with cold: /o/
Build Medical Words
1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/
2. treatment with cold: /o/
3. discharge or flow of sebum: /o/
4. pertaining to under the skin: sub/ /

21. Build Medical Words 1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/malacia
2. treatment with cold: cry/o/therapy
3. discharge or flow of sebum: seb/o/rrhea
4. pertaining to under the skin: sub/cutane/ous

25. Build Medical Words abnormal condition of blue (skin): /
condition of sweat: suder/
softening of a nail: /o/

26. Build Medical Words abnormal condition of blue (skin): cyan/osis
condition of sweat: sudor/esis
softening of a nail: onych/o/malacia

27. Build Medical Words 8. white cell: 9. black cell:
10. skin that is dry:
11. transplantation of same (species):

28. 8. white cell: leuk/o/cyte 9. black cell: melan/o/cyte
Build Medical Words
8. white cell: leuk/o/cyte
9. black cell: melan/o/cyte
10. skin that is dry: xer/o/derma
11. transplantation of same (species):
homo/graft or allo/graft

29. Build Medical Words
12. tumor (composed of) cancer: 13. skin (condition associated) with pus: 14. discharge or flow of sebum: 15. treatment with cold:

30. Build Medical Words
12. tumor (composed of) cancer: carcin/oma 13. skin (condition associated) with pus: py/o/derma 14. discharge or flow of sebum: seb/o/rrhea 15. treatment with cold: cry/o/therapy

32. Skin Pathology – pages 84 – 89 https://www. youtube. com/watch

33. Basal Cell Carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
Malignancy of basal layer is commonly caused by repeated overexposure to the sun.
Basal cell carcinoma with pearly, flesh-colored papule with depressed center and rolled edge. 33

34. Basal Cell Carcinoma Signs and Symptoms
Locally invasive tumor, but rarely metastasizes.
Tumors grow slowly, but commonly ulcerate.
Predominant in fair- skinned men older than 60 years.

35. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Skin cancer of the squamous cells – top layer
Potential for metastasis

36. Malignant Melanoma
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening skin cancer. It develops in the cells that give the skin its color (melanocytes) and has a very high tendency to spread to other parts of the body. (Metastasis)

37. Malignant Melanoma Mal- bad ignis latin for fire Melan/o black
-oma tumor or mass

38. Clinically Related Exercise
1. Mr. T is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will not spread but will remain localized. Eventually it will destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called .
2. A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the . 38

39. Clinically Related Exercise
1. Mr. T is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will not spread but will remain localized. Eventually it will destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called metastasis.
2. A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the face. 39

40. Abscess
Localized collection of pus at infection site (characteristically a staphylococcal infection).
A furuncle, or boil, is an abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. 40

42. Psoriasis – auto immune disease of the skin
Inflammatory chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, covered with silvery scales.
Psoriasis 42

43. Psoriatic arthritis
A form of arthritis that affects some people who have the skin condition psoriasis.
A biologic is manufactured in a living system such as a microorganism, or plant or animal cells. 43

44. Acne Vulgaris
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Marked by appearance of papules, pustules, and comedones.
More common in adolescents and young adults between ages 12 and 35.
Acne vulgaris 44

45. Scabies with rash surrounding the abdominal area.
Contagious parasitic skin infection that is the result of infestation by the itch mite.
Produces intense pruritus and a sensation of something crawling on the skin.
Most common symptom is a rash.
Scabies with rash surrounding the abdominal area. 45

46. Impetigo Common contagious, superficial skin infection.
Manifests with early vesicular or pustular lesions that rupture and form thick yellow crusts.
Impetigo on the face. 46

47. Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
alopecia:
2. débridement: 47 47

48. Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
alopecia: absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness
débridement: removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection 48 48

51. Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
3. ecchymosis:
4. hematoma: 51

52. Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
3. ecchymosis: skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors ranging from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; also known as a bruise
4. hematoma: elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usually results from trauma 52

55. Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
5. urticaria:
6. vitiligo: 55

56. 3 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
5. urticaria: allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are itchy; also called wheals or hives
6. vitiligo: localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; also called leukoderma 56

58. Diagnostic Procedures
Allergy skin test
Suspected allergen is applied to or injected into the skin to determine patient’s sensitivity to it.
Intradermal test identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the allergens and observing the skin for a reaction.
Allergy skin test. Intradermal allergy test reactions. 58

59. Diagnostic Procedures
Biopsy
Excision of a piece of tissue from a body site for microscopic examination.
Tissue is sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation.
Used to confirm a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease. 59

60. Build Medical Words inflammation of skin: 2. instrument to cut skin:
3. tumor (consisting) of fat:

61. 1. inflammation of skin: dermatitis
Build Medical Words
1. inflammation of skin: dermatitis
2. instrument to cut skin: dermatome or dermatotome
3. tumor (consisting) of fat: adipoma, lipoma, steatoma

62. Build Medical Words 4. excision or removal of a nail:
5. skin that is blue (in color):
6. surgical repair of the skin:

63. 4. excision or removal of a nail: onychectomy
Build Medical Words
4. excision or removal of a nail: onychectomy
5. skin that is blue (in color): cyanoderma, cyanosis
6. surgical repair of the skin: dermatoplasty

64. Medical and Surgical Procedures – pages 91-92
Débridement
Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound.
I&D (incision and Debridement)
Incision of a lesion followed by the drainage of its content, such as an abscess. 64

65. Medical and Surgical Procedures
Mohs surgery
Layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined.
Repetition of this procedure until only cancer- free tissue remains. 65

67. Medical and Surgical Procedures
Skin graft
Allograft, transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft.
Autograft, transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual. 67

69. Skin Graft
Synthetic, transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers.
Recipient’s body does not reject synthetic skin.
Xenograft, transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) to a human; also called heterograft. 69

70. Pharmacology Antibiotics Antifungals Antipruritics Corticosteroids
Destroy bacteria that cause skin infections
Antifungals
Destroy fungi that infect skin
Antipruritics
Reduce severe itching
Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatories that treat skin inflammation 70

71. Clinically Related Exercise
1. To treat a bacterial skin infection, the physician prescribes a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).
2. Eddie developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). 71