1. Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd
TAFE - J farm research centre
In the forefront of IT revolution in Agriculture
Dr. K Srinivasan
Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd
Kelambakkam , TN, India

2. Sustainable development of farm holders through integrated farming and mechanization

3. Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited
World’s third largest manufacturer of tractors
50 years of experience in designing, developing, manufacturing, selling and supporting tractors in diverse soils & agro climatic zones.
Largest exporter of tractors-100 countries worldwide.
Offers complete agricultural solution-Matching implements & accessories, crop production advice by J farm
Enables customers to reduce human drudgery & improve farm productivity at less cost.

4. Present Chairman’s Vision…..
“An organisation with a vision of cultivating the world must work in close partnership with farmer.”
Mallika Srinivasan CEO & Chairman Tractors & Farm Equipment Ltd TAFE Motors & Tractors Limited

5. TAFE - J farm research centre
Established in the memory of the founder of Amalgamations Group S. Anantharamakrishnan, who was affectionately called as ‘J’.
Year of establishment: 1964
Total area: 200 acres
Serving Indian farming community since 50 years.

6. TAFE - J farm research centre
Objectives
Development of viable integrated farm technologies for wide ranging crops for small & marginal farmers
Identification of improved varieties in select crops such as rice, pulses and vegetables having good yield, high quality, market & consumer acceptance
Demonstration on the use of appropriate implement, equipment and machinery for various agricultural operations to reduce human drudgery
Standardisation of planting geometry to suit the movement of tractor and implements for intercultural operation
Dissemination of customised information on crops and farming system in relation to region, soil, climate and land holding and market demand

7. J farm research centre Objectives
Production and distribution of seeds of the identified varieties & a few popularly grown varieties to the farmers
Development of technology to increase productivity of tropical and sub tropical vegetables suitable for high temperature and high humid area
On farm advisory services including dissemination of information on the package of practices for crops through agri portal
Reclamation of problem soils
Objectives

8. J farm research centre Major achievements
Rice (J 13, 18, 66, White Ponni, IR 50) and Ground nut (J 20, VRI 2) either released or popularised in the past by this centre is grown in Ca 4 lakh (0.4 m) acres in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states
Recently identified medium slender rice JR 21 and 22 ( day duration) yields 6-7 t/ha as against standard variety with 4- 5 t/ha yield.
Agri portal entitled www. jfarmindia.com launched by this centre describes production, protection and processing technologies including mechanization for over 170 crops

9. J farm research centre Major achievements
Pioneer in integration of crop-livestock farming system
Provides an opportunity to go organic reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and addresses sustainability
Development of low cost technologies for soil and water conservation for small and medium farmers
Development of dry land farming technologies
Scientific management of Dairy
Reclamation of acid sulphate soils for Rice grown in Kuttanad
Mango – Grown in dryland

10. J farm research centre Major achievements
Low cost modified hydroponics technology for high temperature and high humid areas in open field
Effective utilization of land to reap max benefits from an unit area by horizontal & vertical cropping
Vermicomposting of farm yard manure & its enrichment
Processes leading to development of dia rice: Does not spike PP blood sugar
Development of micronutrient mixtures for mango: Induces flowering & increases better fruit set during off year
Creation of biodiversity park and planting of fastest growing timber tree in a large area

11. Category of farmers and land holdings
Average size of holding
Number of operational holdings (‘000)
Area (‘000 ha)
India
Marginal (< ha)
0.38
92356 (67.04)
35410
Small ( ha)
1.38
24705 (17.93)
35136
Semi-medium (2-4 ha)
2.68
13840 (10.05)
37547
Medium (4-10 ha)
5.74
5856 (4.25)
33709
Large (>10 ha)
17.08
1000 (0.73)
17379
Total
137757
159181
Figures in parentheses are per cent values Source: Agricultural census, 2011

12. Land holding in India
Particulars
Details
Total number of operational holding
million
Average size of farm
1.5 ha
% of marginal & small farms of the total holding (<2 ha)
85%
Projection for marginal & small farm by 2030
91% of total holding
Small farmers are the main providers of food and nutritional security to the nation.
The continuous decline farm size also gives rise to concerns on the very sustainability of the small farms

13. % of total net sown area (2013)
India : Irrigated and rainfed area
Particulars
% of total net sown area (2013)
Irrigated area
Rainfed area
India
47.25
52.75

14. Major problem faced by marginal & small farmers
Small and fragmented land-holdings
Non availability of good quality of seeds
Non availability proper integration of cropping and farming systems suited to different regions
Lack of mechanization
Non availability of customised skill development program to the farmers and rural youth
Poor purchasing power
Inadequate storage facility
Inadequate transport
Limited access to inputs, technology, credit, capital and market
Middle man

15. Solution to the problem
Better soil and water management
Introduction of integrated farming system (IFS) – Alternate source of income
Training on skill development. viz. production of enriched vermicompost, low cost soil water conservation technology, integrated farming techniques and application, repair & maintenance of farm machinery
Mechanizing farm –Establishing custom hiring centre in different clusters
Focus on production technology for small & marginal farmers
Small scale processing of farm produce and by products at farm level
Realise good price for the produce
Precision farming – for Techno-green revolution

16. Integrated Farming System (IFS) Size does not matter
An Integrated sustainable model for marginal & small farmers
Integrated Farming System (IFS) Size does not matter
Combination of different agricultural activities in a unit area of land

17. Integrated Farming System (IFS) -Goals
Maximize return from an unit area, profitability and sustainability
Income year round
Utilise by-products of one component of the farming system as an input in to another
Maintain soil status and fertility
Solve energy, fodder and timber crisis
Generate employment in villages by reducing drudgery
Improve livelihood of farmers

18. Major components experimented & found successful
Crop husbandry
Livestock production
Vermicomposting
Horticulture
Agro forestry

19. Dairy + Enriched Vermicompost + Crop husbandry (rice+vegetable+banana)
An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers developed by By
J farm research centre
Dairy + Enriched Vermicompost +
Boundary plantation +
Crop husbandry (rice+vegetable+banana)

21. Controlled feeding helps regeneration of fodder
Fodder as an alley crop for livestock-Suits marginal and small farmers
Controlled feeding helps regeneration of fodder

22. Vermicompost (2.3 t/year)**
An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers
Dairy
Income by rearing of two improved breed of milch cow/ha
Product/by product
Income (Rs.)/year
Milk lit/cow)*
54750
Vermicompost (2.3 t/year)**
11500
Total
66250
Assumptions
Milk: Milking duration: 6 months/year, selling cost of Milk: Rs. 30/lit. 50% cost towards the maintenance of cow
Vermicompost: kg/day, Vermicompost: 1/8 of total production of dung, Cost of vermicompost: Rs.5/kg

23. Projection for production of vermicompost from 2 milch cows
Numbers of cows
Production of 50 kg/day/ 2 cows
Production of vermicompost @ 6.26 kg/day/ 2 cows 2
18250 kg
2284 kg
* Each cow produces dung every day 5-6% of her average body weight of kg (Improved breed of milch cow)
Enriching of vermicompost by mixing bio inputs in proper composition
Rock phosphate, Trichoderma viride, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Frateuria aurantia & Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)
Advantages
Improves the nutrient contents of decomposed FYM
The quantity of enriched vermicompost required is 5 times less (2 t/ha) as compared normal decomposed (10 t/ha) FYM per ha
Increases the uptake of nutrients from the soil

24. Crop husbandry TAFE - J farm research centre
An Integrated Farming System for Sustainability of Marginal & Small farmers
Crop husbandry

25. Low to medium rainfall area
Scanty and low rainfall area
Medium to high rainfall area
Medium rainfall area

27. Net profit/ha: 45,300/ha/season 90,600/ha/2 seasons
Cultivation of Rice
Yield/ha/season: 60 q
Net profit/ha: 45,300/ha/season
90,600/ha/2 seasons
Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income
Selling cost per kg: Rs. 1510/q (MSP)

28. Crop husbandry – Vegetables (By application of enriched vermicompost)
Average production of brinjal: 30 t/ha/6 month Net profit per ha (Rs.): 1.5 lakh/6 months lakh/ year
Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income
Selling cost: Rs. 10/kg

29. Vegetable production technology developed by J farm

30. Vegetable production technology developed by J farm

31. Hydroponics in open environment
(Red Chilli)
Weed mat
Drip lines

32. Hydroponics in open environment

33. Generates 10 times more income as compared to conventional cultivation
Hydroponics in open environment
Growing media Cocopeat , Vermicomposted FYM, vermicomposted pressmud, Soil , Clay balls/pellets , Symbion-N, Symbion-P, VAM, Biocure F, Bio-Cure B & Rock phosphate
Plastic trough (Width x Depth) Chilli 0.3 x 0.3 m, Leafy vegetables: 0.6x0.2 m
Weed mat (100 GSM thick ) Spread on top of soil surface to give the area a neat look and to prevent emergence of soil borne insects
Yield, cost of cultivation and net return
Crop
Area (m2)
Total no of plants
Total yield (kg or bundle)
Retail cost (Rs/kg or bundle)
Gross income (Rs.)
6 month
12 month
Chilli (Dry)*
892
1420
700 kg
200/kg
140000
280000
Leafy vegetables**
415
28800
4500 kg or bundles of 350 g each
15/bundle
192855
385710
Total
1307
332855
665710
Generates 10 times more income as compared to conventional cultivation

34. Net profit/ha: 3.9 lakhs/ha/year
Cultivation of Monthan (Cooking Banana) in paired row
Plant population/ha: Single: row: 2260 and paired row: 5200
Advantages: Increase in plant population, yield and income recorded: 130%
Net profit/ha: 3.9 lakhs/ha/year
Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 50% of gross income
Number of bunches/ha: 5200 nos. Selling cost of each bunch: Rs. 150/bunch

35. Standardisation of planting geometry to suit movement of tractors
Technologies
Standardisation of planting geometry to suit movement of tractors
1.2 m
Trench for irrigation: Width: cm & Depth: cm

36. Planting of Melia dubia on the boundary of farm
Particulars
Details
No of trees/ha boundary of field at the spacing of 2 m
200
Cost/ tree (Rs.) after 6 years
900
Net income (Rs.)/6 year
1.71 lakhs
Net income (Rs.)/year
28000
Melia dubia-Fastest growing tree-Attains feet height in
2 years with good girth
Assumptions Cost of cultivation: 5 % of gross income

37. Source: Developed by TAFE - J farm research centre
An Integrated sustainable model for small and medium farmers
Sustainable Integrated Farming System for one ha land holding (Irrigated condition)
Farming system model: Crop husbandry (rice+vegetable+banana) + Dairy + Vermicompost +Boundary plantation
SIZE DOES NOT MATTER
Net return (Rs/ha)
Particulars
Details/Return (Rs.)
Dairy – 2 milch cows (Milk & vermicompost)
66250
Crop husbandry
Vegetables (1 acre)
120000
Cooking banana (1 acre)
156000
Rice (0.5 acre) – Rice-Rice-Green manure
18120
Planting of Melia dubia on the boundary of farm (1 ha or 400 m running length)
11200
Total income by Integrated farming system/ha
371570
Conventional system (growing of rice two 5 t/ha)
75500
Increase over conventional system/ha
296070
Increase over conventional system (%)/ha
392.14
Source: Developed by TAFE - J farm research centre

38. Farm mechanization

39. Need for farm mechanizationTo
Ensure timely farm operations leading to increased productivity
Increase productivity of labour and other inputs
Reduce drudgery in the farm activities
Improve the quality of farm produce besides reducing the losses and adding value to farm produce, and
Improve the profitability by generating money through custom hiring of tractors, implements, equipments & machinery

40. Economic advantage of mechanization in per cent
Particulars
Increase/saving (%)
Increase in productivity up to
12-34
Seed-cum-fertilizer drill facilitates
Saving in seeds 20
Saving in fertilizer
15-20
Enhancement in cropping intensity
5 – 22
Increase in gross income to the farmers
29-49
Source Report of the Sub-Group on Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Formulation of 9th Five Year Plan, Govt. of India.

41. TAFE & TMTL will facilitate introduction of suitable tractors, implements, equipment and machinery to type of crop & soil, farm holding, purchasing power and usage

42. TAFE - MF Range: (30-40 HP) 30-36 HP Range Orchard MF 1030 DI MF 1134
MF 1035 R DI
37-40 HP Range
MF 1035 Maha Shakti
MF 1035 Tonner
MF 1035 PD

43. MF Range: (41-50 HP) MF 241 Maha Shakti MF 241 Tonner MF 241 PD
MF 7250 PowerUP
MF 5245 PD
MF 245
MF WD
MF 9000

44. MF Range :(>50 HP)
MF 9500
MF 2635

45. TRACTOR - EICHER MODELS/VARIANTS (24 to 38 hp range)
Eicher 242 XTRAC (25 hp)
Eicher 312 Super DI (30 hp)
Eicher 241 XTRAC (24 hp)
Eicher 380 Super DI (38 hp)
Eicher 368 Super DI (36 hp)
Eicher 333 Super DI (33 hp)

46. TRACTOR - EICHER MODELS/VARIANTS (42 to 50 hp range)
Eicher 485 Super DI (45 hp)
Eicher 480 Super DI (42 hp)
Eicher 5150 Super DI (47 hp)
Eicher 5660 Super DI (50 hp)

48. Application of tractor for non agricultural operations
Developing and levelling of roads, building sites, dams
Breaking of rock with tractor mounted pneumatic compressors
Hauling of road and building and construction materials
Generating electricity by operating alternator

49. TAFE implements, equipment and machinery for major and minor crops
TAFE manufactures wide ranging implements, equipment and machinery for different field operations viz. land preparation, sowing cum fertilizer application, harvesting & self propelled machinery for Orchard application

51. Income from custom hiring centres
Particulars
Type of investment
Low
Medium
High
A. Life of tractor and implements, equipment and machinery (years) 9
B. Initial cost of project (Rs.)
686000
C. Initial cost of project after 50% subsidy on implements, equipments and machinery
343000
712000
D. Annual hours of operation (hrs)*
1450 hrs
2150
3300
E. Expenditure incurred in nine years (Rs.)
F. Gross income in nine years (Rs.)
G. Net return in nine years (Rs.)
H. Cost: Benefit ratio
1.65
1.94
I. Break-even point (BEP)
From first year
J. Net return in first year (Rs./ year)
110155
392545
K. Net return between second and seventh year (Rs./ year)
132293
438509
L. Net return between eighth and ninth year (Rs./ year)
195905
570545
* Annual hours of operation (hrs) for tractor and self propelled machinery Note: Net return can be increased by increasing the working hrs. The mechanization will also increase the productivity of crops between 5 and 10 per cent due to timely field preparation, precise & timely sowing, minimising seed losses during sowing and harvesting.

53. How can TAFE contribute to increasing agricultural productivity and income to small and medium farmers
Introduce Integrated farming farming system along with low cost soil conservation (cover cropping, wind breaks) and water conservation (using chisel plough/sub soiler to plough across gradient to allow infiltration of rain wate, construction of farm pond lined with vetiver) technology
Impart skill based training to farmers and rural youth on technologies stated in above para and repair & maintenance of farm machinery at J farm research centre located in Chennai and Rajasthan
Introduce suitable hp tractor and associated implements/ equipment/ machinery as per crop, type of soil & size of holding for deployment in custom hiring centres
Identify a lead farmer/business man as an entrepreneur to run these custom hiring centres

54. Technology for drought prone regions with reference to Vidharba
Introduce
Suitable cropping system - Cotton-sorghum-minor millets-pulses linked with dairy cattle, horticulture and agro forestry as the secondary enterprises
Cover cropping & green manuring for scanty rainfall regions & water conservation technologies (chisel plough/sub soiler) and farm ponds lined with vetiver
Vemicomposting of press mud
Melia dubia trees for agro forestry
Modified hydroponics to grow shallow and deep rooted vegetables
Right tractor & implements/equipment/machinery suited for the region and custom hiring centres & impart skill development

55. Small millets based cropping system
Barnyard millet,
Echinochloa frumantacea
Finger millet
Eleusine coracana
Fox millet, Setaria italica
Kodo millet
Paspalum scrobiculatum
Common millet
Panicum miliaceum
Little millet Panicum miliare

56. Green manuring and water conservation

57. Melia dubia trees for agro forestry
Modified hydroponics to grow shallow and deep rooted vegetables

59. Training on skill development

60. Totally engaged in the lives of farmers to improve their livelihood
J farm research centre
Totally engaged in the lives of farmers to improve their livelihood
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