1. Jigs and Fixtures A Basic Look Computer Integrated Manufacturing
© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

2. Definition
Jig: A device that holds and locates a piece of work and guides the tools that operate upon it
Fixture: A device designed and built for holding a particular piece of work for machining operations.
The term jigs and the term fixtures are used so often together that they are sometimes confused or used interchangeably. The difference is the way in which the tool is guided to the part, called a work piece.

3. Why Use Jigs & Fixtures? Quality Safety
Jigs and fixtures allow mass production of consistent quality. They also give added safety by confining waste.

4. Common Fixture Systems
You may have observed these common fixtures through your experiences in technology classes.
Hold Down Clamp on a
Compound Miter Saw
Jig Adjustable Fence
Found on Most Table Saws

5. Common Fixture Systems
The hold down below is a type of fixture. When the board is in place for cutting, the clamp is tightened to hold the board in place for a consistent cut. It also aids in safety protocols by keeping your other hand free and clear of the cutting tool.

6. Common Fixture Systems
This simple aftermarket vice can be used for multiple scenarios. It is shown here on the bed of a milling machine, but could be very easily used on the table of a drill press or on a bench top for holding stock for finishing operations or post-machining processes.

7. Common Fixture Systems
Simple Vice System Shown on the Bed of a Milling Machine

8. Strap Clamps
Strap clamps are a common way to attach aftermarket vice or clamping systems to the bed or table of machining equipment.

9. Strap Clamps Strap Clamps Holding a Piece of Stock for Cutting
One of the negative aspects of using strap clamps is that they can be obtrusive and can cause obstructions for the cutting tool. This can cause damage to cutting tools and create scrap out of useful material.
Strap Clamps Holding a Piece of Stock for Cutting

10. The V-Block
V-Blocks can be used to hold cylindrical stock for machining or drilling operations

11. The V-Block Strap Clamps Affix V-Blocks to a Mill Table
Here we have a v-block setup that is holding a piece of copper tubing. This will allow the milling machine to bore a hole on the tube on center.
You can also see a set of strap clamps that are being used to affix the v-blocks to the table of the mill.
Strap Clamps Affix V-Blocks to a Mill Table
V-block Setup Holding Copper Tubing

12. More Advanced Fixtures
Above is a picture of a pneumatic vice. When activated, it will apply air pressure to the piece of stock, clamping it in place for machining. Some machines can be programmed to control the opening and closing of the vice automatically (CNC operations and NC Code).
Pneumatic Vice

13. More Advanced Fixtures
This is a picture of an air vice. Utilizing a venture system (next slide), air is removed from the cavity in the aluminum base. This creates a vacuum under the work piece. The piece is essentially sucked down into place on the rubber gasket for stability of machining.
Air Vice

14. More Advanced Fixtures
Rubber stoppers
Aluminum bushing rods
Size limitations
Cutting speed limitations
No base obstructions
The rubber stoppers are used to fill extra holes in the base, creating an area of exposure large enough to hold the stock.
There are some limitations for size with this type of a system.
High cutting speeds can cause the part to slip.
Aluminum bushing rods are used to create a stable corner for the part.
One positive aspect of this type of a system is that there are no obstructions around the base of the part for conflict with cutting tools.

15. More Advanced Fixtures
Air supply
Nozzle
Air pressure regulator
Venture System releases air through the nozzle, which in turn creates a vacuum in the base of the air vice
This end attaches to the base

16. Image Resources
Inside Woodworking. Retrieved from
Rockler. Retrieved from