1. 5 CLEANING OF MATERIALS AND WASTE PROCEDURES
Cleaning Glass Materials
Contaminated containers and materials should be cleaned immediately and chemical substances should not be released. Greases should be cleaned with a tissue paper or, if possible, with ligroin.
Gloves and goggles should be worn during cleaning. Care must be taken to avoid breaking the glass and causing injury
Residues of chemicals that may remain in glass containers should be shaken away with non-toxic solvents (eg, acetone, ethanol, and ligroin). The wash solution must be stored in the special waste bottle. The plastic bottles must be protected against the possibility of solvent breakage.
Ligroin: An extremely flammable fraction of petroleum, composed of saturated hydrocarbons, boiling at ° C, also called petroleum ether.

2. Labeling of Waste Containers
A Halogen-free organic solvents and solutions
B Halogenated organic solvents and solutions (Not Al container)
C Solid wastes (plastic bag, bottle or original container).
D Salt solutions (pH 6-8 adjusted)
E Toxic inorganic wastes, heavy metal salts and solutions. (The container must be intact, and impermeable).
F Toxic flammable compounds. (Container should be tight, sealed, labeled)
G Mercury and inorganic mercury salts
H Recyclable metal salt wastes (each metal salt must be collected in a separate container).
I Inorganic solids

3. Procedures Applied to Laboratory Wastes
Mercury
It evaporates even at room temperature, causing poisoning. Vaporization or spillage from an open vessel can spread mercury vapor up to 200 times the level allowed. Half of the mercury taken from the body can be discarded in 70 days. Chronic poisoning is seen in people who are constantly exposed. BAL (British Anti-Lewisite), a glycerol-derived compound used as an antidote for toxic gas Lewisite, complexes mercury ions into chelates to prevent damage to vital enzymes.

4. Mercury poisoning symptoms can only be noticed after weeks.
    Symptoms: Unbalance, loss of vision and sensation, damage of brain and nervous system. This type of damage is irreversible. Effective results can be obtained if the man is exposed to mercury vapor and notices it without delay and immediately uses BAL antidote.
    The maximum mercury concentration allowed in the working environment is 0.01 ml / m3 (0.1 mg / m3). The label of the mercury cup has the following warning signs.
R23, R S7, S44
Iodine charcoal: 5-10 g of iodine, ml of ether, 90 g of activated charcoal

6. Exothermic Reactions
Most of the chemical reactions are exothermic. If the eluting liquid can not be taken out properly, the reaction mixture overheats and the reaction rate increases excessively. As a result, the solution will heat up uncontrollably and overflow out of the device, resulting in strong bursts
Exothermic reactions should be controlled by cooling the reaction vessel or using a reflux condenser. The reaction mixture should be heat-exchanged with good mixing

7. You need to be very careful in increasing the amount of input chemical in exothermic reactions.
When working with more reagent in a larger vessel, the bulk of the mass and the reaction heat associated therewith increase by the cubic (third force) of the initial radius value (4/3πr³, while the heat transfer surface of the device increases by the square of the radius (4πr²) of the reaction chamber. The danger of overheating increases as the mass increases. For this reason, the amount of reagent should not be suddenly increased

8. Materials liable to form peroxides in storage
The following materials may form peroxides in storage, when in contact with air. Once a container is opened, the chemical should be tested for peroxides not less frequently than once every six months using a product such as Merckoquant test paper.
A peroxide-containing material always constitutes an explosion risk, but the risk is particularly serious if the material is heated. This is because peroxides are generally less volatile than the compound from which they are formed, (usually having lower vapour pressure because of increased intermolecular forces between the - now strongly polar - peroxide molecules). Distillation therefore leads to progressive concentration of the peroxide. The combination of a concentrated solution of peroxide with heating can result in explosive decomposition.

9. Preventing of peroxide formation
Peroxide formation can not be prevented only by protecting the chemical substance from light. The chemical container must be stored tightly closed in the argon atmosphere. Preserving the substance in a cold environment is not very safe to prevent peroxide formation. It should be taken into consideration that color change, crystallization or layer formation can lead to possible explosion hazard. Organic peroxides are very sensitive to shock, spark, heat, friction and light. Most such peroxides are more susceptible compounds than TNT. There may be a very large explosion when opening the flask of an ether flask in which peroxide is formed