1. Northern Factory Owners
Abigail Ayers, Kayla Brock, Nancy Chen, Abigail Gallup, Carly Goodman & Kim Nguyen

2. Slavery (Kim)
Slavery didn’t really have any immense significant impact on the north
The amount of slaves in the north did not nearly reach the amount of slaves in the south since the labor provided by poor whites was enough to run the factories.
The economy in the north did not allow for slavery to flourish

3. Treatment of Slaves (Kim)
Slavery itself was used as propaganda against the south for political influence
The pay for a black worker was lower than the pay for a white worker so when a black worker was hired, the factory owner could cut the pay of other white workers or fire them in favor of cheaper labor
Whites in the north still saw the slaves as inferior and confined them to low-paying jobs to add to the salary cut

4. Slavery in the South (Kim)
Northern factory owners were dependant on slaves in the south, especially in the textile industry, for raw materials
Thought the south treated slaves badly but they overlooked it
Until after the popularity of books like Uncle Tom’s Cabin which gave slavery a face and detailed the physical and emotional struggle they have to go through.

5. Run-Away Slaves (Abigail G.)
Slaves who illegally escaped the South
Factory owners loved runaway slaves since they were desperate to work and would work for extremely cheap
Runaway slaves were cheaper to pay than immigrants (who were in turn cheaper than average citizens)
Opposed the Fugitive Slave Law since it would return their cheap laborers to the South at a faster rate
“Mr. Kinman”

6. Freed Blacks (Abigail G.)
Blacks who were born into, bought, or granted their freedom and commonly lived in the North
Factory owners liked the job competition freed blacks provided long term
Owners would higher the cheap labor and drive down everyone’s elses wages
Opposed legislatures like those in Connecticut and New Jersey that worked to prevent freed blacks from entering since it was “unjust to the poor whites” due to job competition
Freed blacks in the North still had little legal rights and freedoms with their lives, so factory owners could impose any kind of work on them for any cost
“Harper, Douglas”

7. Fugitive Slave Law (Kim)
Part of the Compromise of 1850 proposed by Henry Clay
Required runaway slaves to be returned no matter where they are
Denied alleged runaways a jury trial or the right to testify
United white abolitionists and free blacks
North factory owners did not like this since it forces them to give up their cheap labor

8. Abolition (Abigail G.)
Movement with the goal of freeing all slaves and ending racial segregation
Northern factory owners greatly supported since it was against the South
Freed slaves were the cheapest workers
Josiah Wedgwood- Industrialist and Northern factory owner who gave funds to the abolition movement support groups (including the American Anti- Slavery Society)
“Josiah Wedgwood” “Harper, Douglas”

9. John Brown (Abigail A)
Following Harper’s Ferry, much of the North portrayed Brown as a martyr
Him and 21 others stormed a ferry in attempt to arm slaves
They felt Brown died doing a good thing as an extreme abolitionist
However, they did not really care to prevent slavery
The factory workers fed off of the runaways
Nonetheless, they believed John Brown was in the right
(Kinman, APUSH Notes)

10. Underground Railroad (Abigail A)
This was a secret way of getting slaves from the south to be free in the north
The Underground Railroad helped bring cheap labor to the factory workers
This increased profit
The south would buy goods from the North and the Railroad brought faster production

11. Harriet Tubman (Carly)
A free African American woman who worked on the Underground Railroad.
Tubman repeatedly returned to the south to help slaves escape, each time risking her life. She was a very prominent figure and highly respected among the abolitionists.
(Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition pg. 433)
Carly

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Abigail G.)
Revolutionary novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Factory owners liked that the book called slavery a moral struggle
Made the Southern slave owners seem to treat slaves worse than they treated their factory workers
Liked that slavery now seemed crueler to a more widespread audience
Benefitted from the novel’s help to the rise of the Abolition Movement and the declining support of the Fugitive Slave Law
“Mr. Kinman”

13. William Lloyd Garrison (Kim)
Started an abolitionist paper called The Liberator
Publicized abolitionist ideas to slaves on a large scale by aggressively pushing for the emancipation of slaves
Helped form the New England Antislavery Society
Criticized the Constitution
Did not garner long-term support because he was a pacifist

14. Secession (Abigail A)
The process of leaving the union was practiced mainly by the Southern states who felt taken advantage of by the North’
Northern factory owners did not favor secession
Northern goods made in factories were sold to the south
Made profit
Also took away cheap labor brought by runaway slaves.
(Kinman, APUSH Notes)

15. States’ Rights (Kayla)
An interpretation of the Constitution that exalts the sovereignty of the states and circumscribes the authority of the national government (APUSH Textbook G- 21).
The Northern Factory Workers were more in favor of power within the union and the South was much more likely to support these States’ rights.
This disagreement between the amount of rights that a state should receive was one of the major points of conflict that led to the secession of the Southern States and also a major difference between the laws that were already in place in the North after they seceded.

16. Popular Sovereignty (Carly)
A plan adapted from Lewis Cass in It was the idea that settlers in a territory got to decide the status of slavery in their area. The idea that ultimate power lied in the hands of the people of the Nation.
Largely advocated for by Stephen Douglas, democratic senator in Illinois.
Linked republican ideology to the hands of the people. This had “considerable appeal” and was hoped to abolish the issue of slavery from Congress. Settlers welcomed the power that popular sovereignty would give them.
(Henrietta, “America’s History” Eighth edition pg.428)

17. Manifest Destiny (Nancy)
Idea that it is God’s intention for the Americans to populate the West
Merchants have heard the news of harbors in the Puget Sound that is used as trading with China
Want to spread republicanism and reforms to the West

18. Adding New States/Territories (Nancy)
The increase of new states was not a very important issue to the owners
No real gain through the land other than some supplies
Disapprove of adding more slave states without free states because it would give more power to the South

19. Compromise of 1850 (Nancy)
Included Fugitive Slave Act which many northerners were opposed to this
Admitted California as a free state which appease the North
Abolished slave trade in DC
Left the issue of slavery to the people
The Whigs created this compromise to try to hold the Union together so the factory owners supported this compromise

20. Dred Scott Case (Dred Scott v. Sandford) (Carly)
Dred Scott was an enslaved African American man who for a while lived with his master in Illinois, which after the Missouri Compromise was a free state (1820).
Scott claimed that his residence in a free state and free territory made him free.
The supreme court declared that Scott was not justified and proceeded to make three controversial statements:
African Americans were not residents of the United States.
No “taking property” without due process, therefore a slaveowner could take a slave with them into a free territory and still own them.
Congress could not give territorial government the right to prohibit slavery.
This case also claimed that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
The revised bill raised a “hell of a storm” in the North, and led to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
(Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition pg. 433)

21. Kansas-Nebraska Act (Kayla)
A controversial 1854 law that divided Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska, repealed the Missouri Compromise, and left the new territories to decide the issue of slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty.
The Northern States were not really in favor of this act because the Missouri Compromise benefitted them much more than this new one.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois amended his bill and knowing that the North would not approve, tried to argue that Kansas was not suited for farming and would become a free state regardless.
1,600 petitions opposing the bill flooded the House of Representatives and the bill barely passed.
(APUSH Textbook G-11, 431, & 432)

23. California Gold (Nancy)
Workers building a milldam had came across gold
Led the Gold Rush where many people moved to California
The factory owners lost viable workers for the factories

24. Immigrants (Kayla)
By 1850, immigrants were a major presence throughout the Northeast.
Irish men and women in New York City numbered 200,000, and Germans 110,000.
Many cultures became one with the cities and the customs that they were involved with.
The mass of impoverished Irish immigrants found allies in the American Catholic Church, which soon became an Irish-dominated institution, and the Democratic Party, which gave them a foothold in the process.
The flow of new culture caused a movement that supported nativism rather than welcoming cultural diversity.
Northern factory owners liked the idea of immigrants because they could pay them less money per hour than the typical worker and immigrants would work for less money in worse conditions.
(APUSH Textbook Page G-14, 356, & 357)

25. Landless Whites (Abigail A)
Landless whites in the south found jobs in cotton mills
When they went North in search for jobs
It was then they provided cheap labor
Though this labor was not as cheap as that of runaway slaves
The runaway slaves also had more skill with manual labor
There was little respect for the landless whites because they provided little skill
history-archaeology/poor-whites

26. Land/Business Owning Whites (Nancy)
Factory owners are the business owning whites in the North
The factory owners want to continue holding the power in the government

27. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Abigail A)
The debates took place in 1858 as a fight for the Illinois senate seat
The Northern Whigs favored Abraham Lincoln
They eventually evolved into the Republican Party
This helped Lincoln cinch the election of 1860
These factory owners didn’t like the idea of slavery, but knew they would lose cheap labor from abolition
Douglas was very pro-slavery as white supremacist, but Lincoln wanted unity
This unity appealed to norther factory owners because it ensured continued trade with the south.
(Kinman, APUSH Notes)

28. Whigs (Kayla)
The second national party, the Whig Party arose in 1834 when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson’s policies and conduct. The party identified itself with the pre-Revolutionary American and British parties - also called Whigs - that had opposed the arbitrary actions of British monarchs.
This caused both the North and the South to split the Whig Party apart over the issue of slavery which would eventually lead to the extinction of the Whig Party. Northern and midwestern Democrats stood behind the three leading candidates-Lewis Cass, Stephen Douglas, and James Buchanan-who advocated for popular sovereignty. They ultimately decided on Franklin Pierce who was sympathetic to the South.
(APUSH Textbook Page G-25 & 431)

29. Election of 1860 (Carly) Four candidates ran in the election of 1860
Republican- Abraham Lincoln
S. Democrats- John Breckinridge
N. Democrats- Stephen Douglas
Constitutional Union- John Bell
All 11 southern states voted for Brekinridge, and most of the north and west voted for Lincoln. Lincoln only recieved 1% of the vote in the south, and 40% of the overall popular vote but won the absolute majority in the electoral college, winning him the presidency.
The North supported this and were happy to have won the election for their candidate.
(Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition pg. 438)

30. William Henry Seward (Abigail G.)
Secretary of State during Lincoln’s Presidency
Managed international affairs and 1867 Alaska Purchase
Worked to prevent foreign recognition of the South and Confederacy
Faced lots of difficulties trying to get foreign governments to stop smuggling supplies and trade with the South
South had previously accounted for over 70% of US exports, so the Northern factory owners liked the idea of less exports for the South (particularly with Britain)
“William Henry Seward” “Leigh, Phil”

31. Women (Carly)
Northern Factory Owners liked the idea of women working. With women now able to work, factory owners could pay them very little for long days and difficult labor.

32. Works Cited KIM NGUYEN: Mr.Kinman, Notes
Henretta, James A., Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self. America's History. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, Print.
Harper, Douglas. "Slavery in the North." Slavery in the North. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec

33. Works Cited: NANCY CHEN:
Henretta, James A., Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self. America's History. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, Print.
"The Constitution to 1840: Westward Expansion." Mrs. Sartain And Mrs. Boutté's 5th Grade. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec

34. Works Cited: ABIGAIL GALLUP:
Mr. Kinman. “Notes.” Personal Interview. Dec 2016
Harper, Douglas. "Northern Exclusion of Blacks." Northern Exclusion of Blacks. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec
"Josiah Wedgwood ( ): The Industrialist: The Abolition of Slavery Project." Josiah Wedgwood ( ): The Industrialist: The Abolition of Slavery Project. MLA East of England, Web. 05 Dec
Leigh, Phil. "Trading With the Enemy." The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 Oct Web. 05 Dec
"William Henry Seward - People - Department History - Office of the Historian." U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, n.d. Web. 05 Dec

35. Works Cited: CARLY GOODMAN:
Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition.

36. Works Cited: KAYLA BROCK:
Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition.
Pages (G-11, G-14, G-21, G-25, 356, 357, 431, 432)

37. Works Cited: ABIGAIL AYERS: Kinman, APUSH Notes
Henrietta, “America’s History” eighth edition.
Pages 390, 391, 433, 436, 437