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Artificial intelligence in medical education
OBJECTIVES Definition Applications Implications
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Authors Hasan T , Hussein A , Bani I , Fauzi.M Faculty of medicine
Jazan university KSA
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Artificial intelligence ?
Intelligent autonomous machines
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Pervasive phenomenon AI must influence & change the course of medical education ?
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Increased student loads
New information over-loads New concepts in research data analysis AI has emerged as a powerful adjunct to human intelligence.
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AI Stepped in a big way & is here to stay…
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Visual sciences Medical image teaching systems (M.I.T.S)
Anatomy, Radiology, Pathology Digital Archieves scans, images Cells organ systems Zoom IN / OUT Choose his own tutoring time Multiple /quick visual comparisons
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MITS limitations Unable to know "what" it is teaching ?
More complex queries (beyond anticipations of programmer) Track student's developing expertise
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Virtual digital dissection labs
Clean Comfortable ? Confidently face the picture of death? Morphology mosaic of real human body?
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NO Technology can simulate but NEVER equate with reality.
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Traditional didactic lectures PAST
AITS Modern “ light weight” tutor E-learning “Self access” web based knowledge Good in terms of Student overloads Time constraints Distance education
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Learning in the campus of future?
Med. Student----flashy gadgets----i-pads ,i-phones, laptops Products designed for a specific target market. HYPE RICH URBAN Is that the only kind of people I want to teach ?
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Beneath the pleasant façade AITS
Emotional dynamics ?----teacher *** student relation Unique Qualities of Human teacher Reforms/adjusts his strategies Perception level & learning behavior of student AITS ---- One for all and all for one This is hardly an ideal interface for any information exchange system.
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Restricted natural language analysis
Limited vocabulary---stereotype responses Creative human communication Information exchange Dull ; dogmatic Wider picture Linear transmission model------Limited interactivity-----potential isolation of learners------threat to sense of community
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AI offers infinite access to information Ocean of unabridged knowledge just a click away
Very good for masters. What about beginners? Sieve out ? Pr. Rel. / Th. Superf. Learner---baffled unfathomable data. Compromise core knowledge establishment
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AI in clinics of medical education has worked wonders
EHRS (Electronic hospital record systems) Telemedicine Bioinformatics Virtual patients CDSS (clinical decision support systems) Assist & surpass us in tasks
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It seems they do everything.
Emotional condition of the patient ? Cultural competency skills of community based health care ? The art of medical reasoning?
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CDSS --"Spoon feeding" diagnosis decisions--medical students
WHEN WILL THEY SHARPEN THEIR OWN CLAWS ? Cognitive skills ; Therapeutic instincts ; Diagnostic wisdom AI may retard Judgment & problem solving behavior Knowledge gaps fixed framework ; pre-structured ; inflexible clinical data “We need to figure out tools that will make our students smarter and not dumber”.
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Simulated patients Are safe; no doubt
Present a small fraction of clinical problems Limited interaction CLOSED BOX MODEL Real life emergency calls unpredictable & Not reduced to electronic chips of pre-set data
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Virtual environments******** an unreal world
Train (average level ) following certain protocols in clinical skills Can not grant professional wisdom.
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Tech /organizational barriers of AI systems
User acceptance & motivation problems Limited computer literacy Single type computer hardware. Logistic pressures Costly Technologically sophisticated -----practically unusable in classroom setting
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Designing a cognitive support system is a daunting task.
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Highly organized coordination at every level
perfect balance impossible Lack of cultural discernment AI systems design not universal. Evaluation difficult ------abstract concepts ---- learning , psychology, pedagogy , application.
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AI ------ Indispensable?
If Circuits of these informative tools become ‘fuzzed out’ Big havoc ?
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Minds , Machines & Morals
The existence of artificial intelligence that rivals human intelligence inspires hopes as well as fears. Ethical , Social , Legal issues
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The student being taught by a virtual teacher
May be tempted by wandering ideas******** Switch "on" and switch "off " tutor mood swings. Sometimes, valuable information needs to be “force-drilled”
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AI has produced therapists, chat-bots, guide-bots & tutors.
ELIZA, PARRY , ADELE, ISIS TUTOR , STEVE passed the TURING test ( mistaken-real person) We require genuine feelings of empathy, care & respect from these positions
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Ethico- legal implications of AI diagnostic aids CDSS
unthinkingly follow the advice projected on the digital screen ? Or apply their own clinical judgment even if it's against the set protocol?
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Through AI we are trying to simulate the human being.
Speech synthesizers; Bionic eyes; Clone cells; Humanoid robots. Scientists ----duplicate the human brain----molecular level.
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Are we trying to surpass millions of years of natural evolution ?
Are we trying to play God ?
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The present computer is already many times intelligent than the average human brain.
Next 10 yrs------ 500 times intelligent than us {Moore's law} Super intelligent autonomous entities -----Intent / capability of smart machines------unpredictable / unimaginable by humans--
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Machine with right inputs & outputs can have a conscious “self aware” mind like us
If a" smart machine" starts behaving un-ethically. Who will be held accountable? Man or Machine ?
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Lab experiment in Switzerland.
Hard to believe? Lab experiment in Switzerland. Machines designed to cooperate ---learn to lie & cheat for beneficial energy source Unethical ;Dishonesty trait ----not programed struggle for survival Laboratory of Intelligent Systems in the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Concluding note Progress oriented Education in medicine is a complex & demanding phenomenon. Most of us " traditional, human based system". The modern generation "machine based system“ yet to prove it's mettle .
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Best gadget ever ?
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