1. STRESS
A non-specific response of the body to any stimuli or demand that acts upon it.

2. What is Stress?
Nonspecific response of the BODY to any demand or stimuli
Physical
Cognitive
Mental/Emotional
Social
How you think about a challenge determines whether you will experience positive or negative stress

3. Influence on Health Physical –exercise, diet, sleep, BP, HR, BMI, SADD
Holistic Health
Physical –exercise, diet, sleep, BP, HR, BMI, SADD
Mental/Emotional – time/stress mgt, expressing emotions & communicating effectively, + coping skills, engaging in activities with meaning and purpose
Social – cultivating relationships, engaging in activities with meaning/purpose, accepting individualism/diversity
bestpictures.pps Good Lessons.pps Ten Tips for 2009.htm

4. Kinds of Stress EUSTRESS
THE MIND INTERPRETS THE STRESSOR AND RESPONSE AS POSITIVE AND BENEFICIAL.

5. Eustress – When stress is good!
Adrenaline
Endorphins
Oxygen
Brain development
Serotonin
Dopamine
Cortisol?
Anti-inflammatory response & analgesics
TED Talks – Mindfulness, Stress and Brain, & How to Make Stress Your Friend
Benefits of Oxytocin
Power of Positive
Research of effects of stress on health
Resiliency
Social Support

6. Kinds of Stress DISTRESS
The mind interprets the stressor and response as negative.
Stress response is not as easily managed and may be more prolonged.

7. STRESSORS
BIOLOGICAL – biochemical imbalances, illnesses, disabilities, or injuries
ENVIRONMENTAL – poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters
COGNITIVE OR THINKING – how you perceive a situation; your expectations
PERSONAL BEHAVIOR – physical lifestyle factors; ex: at risk behaviors
LIFE SITUATIONS – death, divorce

8. Distress – When stress is bad.
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Mental Illness
Depletion of Immune System
Stress-related illnesses

9. Results of Unmanaged Stress
Psychosomatic Illnesses
Hypertension, damaged heart and vessels, heart disease, fatty deposits, D/A problems, ulcers, diabetes, asthma, colitis, headaches, skin disorders.
Contributing factor to many other diseases; involved in 6 leading causes of death in the US

10. Why do people respond differently to stress???
Age
Experience
Social status
Income
Cultural background
Personality
Emotional intelligence

11. Key terms to review Stress – stressors – good vs bad stress
Stress hormones
Holistic signs/symptoms of stress
Stress related illness/psychosomatic illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
CNS- Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic response - Brain – hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus, adrenal glands.

12. GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS)
Dr. Hans Seyle, stress theorist discussed stress response and influence on the body and health through GAS.
The body’s stress response raises its level or resistance to the agent that caused it.
No difference in physical response between physiological and psychological stress.
When stress occurs, the body will either adapt or its defense system will break down.

13. The Body’s Response to Stress
ALARM
Initial response of the body to a physiological, sociological or psychological stressor.
Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body physically for this “fight or flight” response.

14. PHYSICAL SIGNS OF STRESS
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Increased blood sugar
Production of RBC
Increased breathing rate and O2 exchange
Digestion slows
Thrombin is released to cause clotting
Pupils dialate
Temperature changes;sweating
Saliva and mucus production slows; vasodialation of vessels

15. The Body’s Response to Stress
RESISTANCE
The body responds to stressor to try to return to “normal”.
Adaptation occurs as symptoms fade and coping occurs.
Parasympathetic Nervous System response of the CNS to return to Homeostasis.
This stage is prolonged in distress as it takes time to control physical and emotional effects.

16. The Body’s Response to Stress
EXHAUSTION OR FATIGUE
PHYSICAL, PATHOGOLICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL
Repeated or non-ending stress response robs the body of its ability to adapt and resist effects of stress.
Causes immuno-suppression, lowers resistance, and is the on-set of various types of fatigue and illness.

17. Are YOU Stress Prone?
Three diseases linked to stress are hypertension, peptic ulcers, and diabetes.
More symptoms in families with lots of personal and familial issues
Stress Prone Personality
Type A, Type B or “hardy”

18. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF STRESS…
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic or Involuntary System
Sympathetic – increases body’s resources in times of stress (ALARM)
Parasympathetic – decreases body’s resources in times of stress (RESISTANCE)
HYPOTHALAMUS STIMULATES PITUITARY GLAND
PITUITARY GLAND RELEASES HORMONES THAT STIMULATE ADRENAL GLANDS TO DEAL WITH STRESSOR
SAME PROCESS WORKS TO RETURN TO PRE-EMERGENCY STATE

19. Emotions and Stress
Complex pattern of subjective feelings expressed through physical and emotional changes.
Difference between feeling an emotion and expressing an emotion.
Recognizing and expressing emotions is a skill.
Chemical and hormonal changes effect emotions and response to stress.
Affects thinking, behavior, relationships, and tasks.

20. Stress Management Mindfulness – positive thinking Meditation Diet
Goal Setting
Arousal Control
Mental Rehearsal
Doing Something you love: reading, hobbies, artwork
Social Support
Diet
Exercise
Sleep/Rest
Relaxation
Time Management
Balancing Lifestyle
Family History
Medication

21. Something to think about…
“Stress at its best primes you for your peak performance at work or play, and rouses your interest in the world. At its worst, it can interfere with your ability to think, and act straight. It can lead to depression, worsen existing illness, and lead to physical and mental breakdown.”
Changing Times Reporter