1. Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Barbiturates $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200
Benzodiazepines
Anti-Parkinson’s
Agents
Seizures/
Anticonvulsants
Safe
Nursing
Practice
$100
$100
$100
$100
$100
$200
$200
$200
$200
$200
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
$400
$400
$400
$400
$400
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
Final Jeopardy

2. 1 - $100
Barbiturates Act on the reticular formation area of the brainstem to do what? (list 2 thngs)
Reduce nerve impulses to the cerebral cortex
Inhibit nerve impulse transmission by potentiating an inhibitory amino acid known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

3. 1 - $200 In low doses, barbiturates act as _______
In high doses, they act as _______
Sedatives
Hypnotics

4. 1 - $300
What do barbiturates do to the seizure threshold? List some things that barbiturates are used to treat.
Raise the threshold
Used for treatment of status epilepticus, tetanus, and drug-induced convulsions. A select few are used as prophylaxis for epileptic seizures.

5. 1 - $400
List the side effects of barbiturates and what to look for in toxicity
Excessive CNS depression, drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, hypersensitivity reactions, excitement, depression of the REM sleep cycle
Confusion, Excitement, Deep sleep, Coma, Pupil constriction, Cyanosis, Clammy skin, Hypotension

6. 1 - $500
Briefly describe the differences between ultra short acting, short / intermediate acting, and long acting barbiturates
Ultra short – used as IV anesthetics, usually in combination with an inhalational agent. Duration of action can be as brief as several seconds
Short / Intermediate – used in treating insomnia, rapid onset of action and short duration of action
Long – used to treat seizure disorders, may be used a s sedatives, prolonged action

7. 2 - $100 What systems of the brain to benzodiazepines affect?
Hypothalamic, thalamic, and limbic

8. 2 - $200 Type question to appear here
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9. 2 - $300
Lis characteristics of benzodiazepines and give examples of some
Useful hypnotics, calming on CNS, control agitation and anxiety, relax skeletal muscle, does not affect REM, used in treatment of alcohol withdrawal
diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), midazolam (Versed)

10. 2 - $400 What does an overdose result in, and what is the treatment?
An overdose results in somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes
Treatment is flumazenil (Romazicon), reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines

11. 2 - $500
What should you monitor for in patients taking benzodiazepines?
Vertigo, dizziness, oversedation, effectiveness, monitor children and older adults closely, monitor carefully in patients who are suicidal, depressed, or known drug abusers, closely monitor digoxin levels

12. 3 - $100 What are the 3 classes of Antiparkinson’s agents?
Dopaminergic
Anticholinergic
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibitors

13. 3 - $200
Explain how Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibitors work and list adverse effects
Their use results in blocking the degradation of catecholamines including dopamine and levodopa. This may lead to more sustained levels of dopamine in the CNS
Liver failure, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, dystonia, somnolence, GI irritation

14. 3 - $300 Discuss anticholinergic agents and give examples of some
Reduce excessive cholinergic brain activity, used for clients with minimal symptoms, often used in adjunct with other agents
Example: artane

15. 3 - $400 How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work? (Apokyn)
Rapid rescue from the frozen, or undermedicated state. Happens within 4-8 minutes of subcutaneous injection, increases dopamine activity

16. 3 - $500 How does levodopa work and what are the adverse effects?
Enters in the blood stream, it is rapidly converted in the peripheral circulation  too dopamine by the enzyme dopadecadecarboxylase increasing the dopamine content in the brain.​
nausea, vomiting, and orthostatic hypotension, arritmias.​

17. 4 - $100 Define epilepsy, seizure, and convulsion
Epilepsy- an electrical disorder of the brain that is characterized by excessive electrical discharge of nerves in the cerebral cortex
Seizure- a brief episode of abnormal electrical activity in the nerve cells
Convulsion- spasmodic contractions of involuntary muscles

18. 4 - $200 What are generalized tonic-clonic seizures characterized by?
Sudden crying, falling, and rigidity followed by muscle jerks, shallow breathing or temporary apnea and possible loss of bladder and bowel control​

19. 4 - $300 What is the goal of anticonvulsants?
Prevent the generation and spread of excessive discharges in the brain. Protect normal cells.

20. 4 - $400
What are the therapeutic effects of anticonvulsants? List examples of some.
Stabilize nerve cells and prevent hyperexcitability, Prevent the generation of hyperactive neurons, Prevent abnormal impulses from spreading

21. 4 - $500 Discuss patient/family teaching regarding anticonvulsants
Provide information about epilepsy, teach that doses should not be increased, decreased or discontinued without discussion with the prescriber, advise women of child bearing age to use reliable contraception

22. 5 - $100
Nursing interventions to relieve sleep pattern disturbances include what?
Relief of pain, anxiety, and hunger, and promotion of schedule consistency

23. 5 - $200
What should you avoid mixing in the same syringe as meperidine HCL?
Sodium salts of barbiturates

24. 5 - $300
What should you monitor in children receiving anticonvulsants?
Growth and development

25. 5 - $400
Clients receiving COMT therapy should have periodic monitoring of what?
Liver function

26. 5 - $500
Do not exceed how many mg of IV phenytoin in adults? And what should you monitor for during the IV administration?
50mg/min
Vital signs and for hypotension

27. Final Jeopardy Type question to appear here
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