1. PHYSICS
THE BASIC SCIENCE

2. PHYSICS ONCE KNOWN AS NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IS THE STUDY OF UNANSWERED QUESTIONS.
TODAY PHYSICS IS THE MOST BASIC SCIENCE.

3. THE BACKBONE OF SCIENCE
BECAUSE PHYSICS FOCUSES ON THE MOST BASIC OF CONCEPTS IT PROVIDES THE SUPPORT FOR ALL OTHER SCIENCES.
WHEN YOU UNDERSTAND PHYSIC, YOU UNDERSTAND THE OTHER SCIENCES BETTER.

4. MISCONCEPTION 1 “PHYSICS IS THE MOST DIFFICULT OF THE SCIENCES”
IT IS NOT MORE DIFFICULT. THE DIFFERENCE IS THAT YOU ARE EXPECTED TO UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE DOING!

5. AREAS WITHIN PHYSICSTHE MOST BASIC SCIENCE
MECHANICS
MOTION AND ITS CAUSES
FALLING, FRICTION, WEIGHT, SPINNING
THERMODYNAMICS
HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
MELTING, FREEZING, ENGINES, RERIGERATORS
VIBRATIONS AND WAVE PHENOMENA
TYPES OF REPETIVE MOTIONS
SPRING, PENDULUMS,SOUND
OPTICS
LIGHT
MIRRORS, LENSES, COLOR, ASTRONOMY
ELECTROMAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, AND LIGHT
ELECTRICAL CHARGE, CIRCUITS, MAGNETS, ELECTROMAGETS
RELATIVITY
PARTICLES MOVING AT ANY SPEED
COLLISIONS, ACCELERATORS, NUCLEAR ENERGY
QUANTUM MECHANICS
BEHAVIOR OF SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES
THE ATOM AND ITS PARTS

6. MISCONCEPTION 2 “PHYSICS IS APPLIED MATHEMATICS” WRONG!
ALTHOUGH MATHMATICS IS THE LANGUAGE OF PHYSICS IT IS NOT THE ONLY WAY TO STUDY PHYSICS!

7. MATH MATHEMATICS IS CONSIDERED THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE
NUMBERS ARE THE SAME IN EVERY LANGUAGE
WHY IS THAT KEY?

8. EQUATIONS
PHYSICS EQUATIONS ARE SYSTEMS OF CONNECTIONS, FOLLOWING THE RULES OF LOGIC
THEY TELL US WHAT IS CONNECTED TO WHAT AND WHAT WE CAN IGNORE.

9. STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
PURPOSE-RECOGNIZE THE PROBLEM
HYPOTHESIS- TESTABLE STATEMENT
PROCEDURE
COLLECT DATA- DATA TABLES
ANALYZE DATA- CALCULATIONS…SHOW WORK!!
CONCLUSION – SUMMARIZE WHAT YOU OBSERVED AND HOW IT DOES/DOES NOT SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS. STATE YOUR SOURCES OF ERROR.

10. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
GALILEO AND FRANCES BACON ARE CREDITED AS THE FOUNDERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
PHYSICS USES MODELS TO EXPLAIN THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES OF VARIOUS PHENOMENA.
HF2011
PHYSICS USES “SYSTEMS”(A SET OF ITEMS OR INTERACTIONS CONSIDERED A DISTINCT PHYSICAL ENTITY FOR THE PURPOSE OF STUDY.)

11. WHAT DO MODELS DO? HELP BUILD HYPOTHESES
HELP GUIDE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
GALILEO DEMONSTRATION
10 PENNIES VS 1 PENNY
LISTEN CAREFULLY – WHICH HIT FIRST?
10 FILTERS VS 1 FILTER
WATCH CAREFULLY – WHICH HIT FIRST?

12. MEASUREMENTS IN EXPERIMENTS
BASIC SI UNITS ARE:
METER
THE DISTANCE TRAVELED BY LIGHT IN A VACCUM IN 3.3 X 10-9 S
LITER
EXACTLY EQUAL TO ONE CUBIC DECIMETER AND IS EQUAL TO THE VOLUME OF ONE KILOGRAM OF DISTILLED WATER AT 4°C.
GRAM
THE MASS OF A SPECIFIC PLATINUM-IRIDUM ALLOY CYLINDER
SECOND
9,192,631,700 TIMES THE PERIOD OF A RADIO WAVE EMITTED FROM A CESIUM-133 ATOM.

13. Si uses prefixed for extremes
pico f deka da 101
nano p kilo k 103
micro μ mega M 106
milli m giga G 109
centi c tera T
deci d peta P

14. AGREEMENT DIMENSIONS AND UNITS MUST AGREE
YOU MUST ONLY WORK IN ONE DIMENSION
YOU CAN ONLY ADD AND SUBTRACT LIKE UNITS.
EX: METERS + METERS = METERS
METERS + CENTEMETERS ≠ METERS

15. ACCURACY AND PRECISION
HOW CLOSE A MEASURED VALUE IS TO THE TRUE VALUE OF THE QUNATITY MEASURED.
PRECISION
THE DEGREE OF EXACTNESS WITH WHICH A MEASUREMENT IS MADE AND STATED

16. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
THOSE DIGITS IN A MESUREMENT THAT ARE KNOWN WITH CERTAINTY PLUS THE FIRST DIGIT THAT IS UNCERTAIN.
HELP KEEP TRACK OF IMPRECISION.

17. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES RULES
1. ZEROS BETWEEN OTHER NONZERO DIGITS ARE SIGNIFICANT.
2. ZEROS IN FRONT OF NONZERO DIGITS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.
ZEROS THAT ARE AT THE END OF A NUMBER AND ALSO TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL ARE SIGNIFICANT.
ZEROS AT THE END OF A NUMBER BUT TO THE LEFT OF A DECIMAL ARE SIGNIFICANT. IF THERE IS NO DECIMAL, THEY ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

18. RULES FOR CALCULATING WITH SIG. FIGS.
ADDITION OR SUBTRACTION
THE FINAL ANSWER SHOULD HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF DIGITS TO THE RIGHT OF THE DICIMAL AS THE MEASUREMENT WITH THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF DIGITS TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL. =

19. RULES FOR CALCULATING WITH SIG. FIGS.
MULITPLICATION OR DIVISION
THE FINAL ANSWER HAS THE SAME NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AS THE MEASUREMENT HAVING THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.
123 X 5.35=

20. RULES FOR ROUNDING WHEN TO ROUND UP WHEN TO ROUND DOWN
WHENEVER THE DIGIT FOLLOWING THE LAST SIG. FIG IS A 6,7,8 OR 9
EX: 22.49=22.5
IF THE DIGIT FOLLOWING THE LAST SIG. FIG IS A 5 FOLLOWED BY A NONZERO DIGIT.
EX: =54.8
IF THE LAST SIG. FIG. IS AN ODD NUMBER AND THE NEXT DIGIT IS A 5, WITH NO OTHER NONZERO DIGITS.
54.75= OR =79.4
WHEN TO ROUND DOWN
WHENEVER THE DIGIT FOLLOWING THE LAST SIGNIFICANT FIGURE IS A 0,1,2,3,OR 4
EX: = 30.2

21. WARNING CALCULATORS DO NOT PAY ATTENTION TO SIG. FIGS.
IN ORDER TO PROVIDE ANSWERS WITH THE CORRECT NUMBER OF SIG FIGS, IT WILL SOMETIMES BE NECESSARY TO ROUND THE RESULTS OF A CALCULATION. USE THE RULES I HAVE GIVEN YOU.

22. THE LANGUAGE OF PHYSICS
INTERPRETING DATA IN TABLES AND GRAPHS, AND RECONGIZING EQUATIONS THE SUMMARIZE DATA WILL BE IMPORTANT TO YOU IN PHYSICS.
HF2013

23. EQUATIONS EQUATIONS INDICATE RELATIONSHIPS. DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
INDIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
Δ DELTA MEANS THE CHANGE IN
Σ EPSOLON MEANS THE SUM OF
Π PI MEANS PI – 3.14…..

24. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
CHANGING FROM ONE DIMENSION TO ANOTHER USING CONVERSION FACTORS.
EX: 88 KM/H TO M/S
88.0KM X 1000M X 1H = M/S
1 H KM S

25. ADVANTAGES OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
GREAT TOOL FOR CHECKING WHETHER THE EQUATION YOU ARE USING GIVES THE KIND OF QUANTITY YOU WANT TO CALCULATE.
EXAMPLE:
DENSITY = MASS/VOLUME
DENSITY IS MEASURED IN G/CM3 OR KG/M3
DENSITY = KG/M3 OR G/CM3

26. ORDER OF MAGNETUDE WWW.SCILINKS.OR HF2014
AN ESTAMTE OF AN ANSWER TO A PROBLEM BEFORE TRYING TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM EXACTLY.
THIS WILL GIVE YOU THE ADVANTAGE OF KNOWING WHETHER ON NOT YOUR CALCULATED ANSWER IS IN THE BALL PARK.
EX: 103 km = 10 h
102 km/h