1. Elizabeth the Golden Age

2. Absolutism

3. Absolutism = Total Power
Absolutism is a time of modern European Power. Kings and Queens had ABSOLUTE power.

4. What modern powers in Europe?
Spain
France
England
Parts of Russia
These are western powers and their ideas spreading are known as westernization.

5. Believed that power came from God Total power, king was the law
Absolute Monarch: Ruler with complete authority over government and lives of the people
Believed that power came from God
Total power, king was the law
Was helped by ministers and advisors, and had a lot of employees

6. During this period of time, we see a rise in the “Absolute Monarch.”

7. Protestants vs Catholics 1. Henry VIII split with Catholics 2
Protestants vs Catholics 1. Henry VIII split with Catholics 2. Spain is Catholic, England is Protestant Spain vs England 1. Spain believes that Mary is the rightful queen, England believes that Elizabeth is the rightful queen 2.English “pirate” Walter Raleigh steals from Spanish ships 3. 4.
He wanted a divorce and was not granted one, so he just broke from the Church and started the church of England.

8. Relations w New World 1.Sir Walter Raleigh established colonies in NC and V, WV 2. Virginia named after the virgin queen 3. Potatoes, tobacco, natives, GOLD!!! 4. Absolutism 1. Mary I is in prison thought to be threat 2.Queen E has advisor to tell the people she is fertile 3. 4.
4.Cast Bess and Raleigh out of court

9. Do not take notes… FYI
Mary I of England is the same person as Mary Tudor (AKA Bloody Mary).  Mary Queen of Scots was the first cousin once removed of Mary I of England as her grandmother (Margaret Tudor) was Henry VIII's sister.  Mary Tudor was also the name of Henry VIII's younger sister who was Queen of France and after Louis XII's death married the Duke of Suffolk. She was especially close to her brother and he named both his daughter (Mary I) and his Ship "Mary Rose" after her.

10. Like many nursery rhymes, it has acquired various historical explanations. These include:
That it is a religious allegory of Catholicism, with bells representing the sanctus bells, the cockleshells the badges of the pilgrims to the shrine of Saint James in Spain (Santiago de Compostela) and pretty maids are nuns, but even within this strand of thought there are differences of opinion as to whether it is lament for the reinstatement of Catholicism or for its persecution.[1]
Another theory sees the rhyme as connected to Mary, Queen of Scots, with "how does your garden grow" referring to her reign over her realm, "silver bells" referring to (Catholic) cathedral bells, "cockle shells" insinuating that her husband was not faithful to her, and "pretty maids all in a row" referring to her ladies-in-waiting – "The four Maries".[1]
Mary, Queen of Scots is also suggested in Disney's The Truth About Mother Goose but here the "silver bells" are said to "refer to the elaborate decoration on her dresses", the "cockle shells" to her love of exotic food such as cockles, with the "pretty maids all in a row" referring to her ladies-in-waiting.
Mary has also been identified with Mary I of England with "How does your garden grow?" said to refer to her lack of heirs, or to the common idea that England had become a Catholic vassal or "branch" of Spain and the Habsburgs. It is also said to be a punning reference to her chief minister, Stephen Gardiner. "Quite contrary" is said to be a reference to her unsuccessful attempt to reverse ecclesiastical changes effected by her father Henry VIII and her brother Edward VI. The "pretty maids all in a row" is speculated to be a reference to miscarriages or her execution of Lady Jane Grey. "Rows and rows" is said to refer to her executions of Protestants.[2]
The Opies argued that no proof has been found that the rhyme was known before the eighteenth century, while Mary I of England and Mary, Queen of Scots, were contemporaries in the sixteenth century.[1]