1. HE Calorimeter Upgrade Studies

2. Outline
We are proposing to replace HE scintillators with quartz plates for high luminosity LHC runs.
0th Phase of R&D
Show that Quartz is Radiation Hard
1st Phase of R&D
Cherenkov Light Collection from Quartz Plate
Tests of WLS fiber Embedded Quartz Plate Calorimeter
2nd Phase of R&D
Light enhancement tools: ZnO, PTP
Tests of PTP Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter
3rd Phase of R&D
Alternative readout options: SiPMT, APD
Radiation Hard WLS Fiber options
Final Upgrade Proposal

3. Zeroth Phase of R&D
We tested various quartz types under electron, proton, neutron, and gamma radiation.
Electron Irradiation Tests:
Dumanoglu et al. “Radiation-hardness studies of high OH content quartz fibres irradiated with 500 MeV electrons” Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 490 (2002)
Proton Irradiation Tests:
Cankocak et al. “Radiation-hardness measurements of high OH content quartz fibres irradiated with 24 GeV protons up to 1.25 Grad“ Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 585 (2008) 20–27
Neutron and Gamma Irradiation Tests:
Bruecken et al. “Radiation Damage in Quartz Fibers Exposed to Energetic Neutrons” CMS Internal Note 2006/014, In preparation for IEEE TNS submission.

4. First Phase of the R&D
We showed that Cherenkov light collection inside the quartz is feasible with UV absorbing WLS fibers.
F. Duru et al. “CMS Hadronic EndCap Calorimeter Upgrade Studies for SLHC - Cerenkov Light Collection from Quartz Plates” , IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol 55, Issue 2, , Apr 2008.

5. We built and tested “WLS Fiber Embedded Quartz Plate
First Phase of the R&D
We built and tested “WLS Fiber Embedded Quartz Plate
Calorimeter”
Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype with WLS fibers
U. Akgun et al., "Quartz Plate Calorimeter as SLHC Upgrade to CMS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeters", XIII International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, CALOR 2008, Pavio, Italy, May 2008, Published in J.Phys.Conf.Ser.160:012015, 2009 and  CMS-CR

6. Second Phase of the R&D
We showed that radiation hard light enhancement tools (pTp, and ZnO) can be used with quartz.
U. Akgun et al., "P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype", IEEE
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference, Dresden, Germany, October 2008

7. We built and tested “PTP Deposited Quartz Plate
Second Phase of the R&D
We built and tested “PTP Deposited Quartz Plate
Calorimeter”
U. Akgun et al. "CMS Hadronic Calorimeter Upgrade Studies - P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype ", APS 2009, Denver, CO, USA, May 2009

8. Second Phase of R&D
We also run pTp calorimeter in EM mode (with 2 cm absorber thickness). We can
Use combination as radiation hard CMS Endcap Calorimeter (EE + HE).
Paper Accepted for publication by IEEE TNS, Nov 09
“CMS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter Upgrade Studies for SLHC
P-Terphenyl Deposited Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype''

9. Third Phase of the R&D
We constructed and tested alternative readout options from pTp deposited quartz plates: APD, SiPMT, PIN diode. They are not very effective and most importantly, the APD and SiPMTs are not radiation hard.

10. Our solution for alternative readout is “Microchannel PMT”
Third Phase of the R&D
Our solution for alternative readout is “Microchannel PMT”
Fast response time, high gain, small size, robust construction, power efficiency, wide bandwidth, radiation hardness, and low cost.

11. Third Phase of the R&D
We Develop Radiation Hard Wavelength Shifing Fibers: Quartz fibers with PTP/ZnO covered core.
We built a radiation hard WLS fiber prototype. Deposited pTp on the stripped region, on both face. Then the whole ribbon will be sandwiched between quartz plates.

12. Third Phase of the R&D ~ 20 cm ~ 50 cm
We prepared a “homemade” rad-hard WLS fiber. We stripped the plastic cladding from
QP fibers for “middle 20 cm” portion of 60 cm fibers.
This unit was tested with 80 GeV electron shower. The red line show the pedestal.
With a very simple prototype we collected substantial signal.

13. Final Plan
We have two “viable” options for HE Upgrade, these can also be applied to EE region with 2 cm absorber thickness.
Will read signal from PTP deposited plate, directly.
This will require radiation hard detector: multi channel PMT.
The current technology of APD and SiPMT is NOT enough.
Will use WLS fibers
This requires rad-hard WLS fiber, which DOES not exist.
We built a primitive prototype with PTP, it is promising. Need R&D on PTP, ZnO deposition on quartz fibers. Sapphire fiber is another option.

14. HF Calorimeter Upgrade Studies

15. Abnormal Events at HF Iowa Group (A. Moeller and T. Yetkin) discovered
abnormally high events in HF, during 2004 TB analysis.
“Design, Performance, and Calibration of CMS Forward Calorimeter Wedges”
Eur. Phys. J. C53, 1, 2008
"Beam Test Results for the Anomalous Large Energy Events Removal in Hadronic Forward
Calorimeter", CMS DN-2009/005

16. Discrimination with Timing Properties
“A Novel Method to Eliminate Muon Events on HF PMT Windows”, CMS DN-2009/012 Normal HF Signal Muon Signal on PMT

17. Replacing the HF PMTs
We propose to replace HFPMTs with “thin glass”, high Q.E., 4-anode PMTs
2009 CERN Beam Tests: Testing new PMTs for muon incidence response and calorimeter signal response
"Tests of CMS HF Candidate PMTs with Muons", CMS DN-2009/011
"Study of CMS HF Candidate PMTs with Cerenkov Light in Electron Showers", CMS DN-2009/012, CMS Note submitted.

18. Less Muon Interaction Better Cherenkov Detection
Muon Response of PMTs
Čerenkov Light Response of PMTs

19. An algorithm can eliminate PMT events in 4-anode PMT
PMTs in the beamline
PMT Window Event Selection and Signal Recovery

20. Digital Calorimeter Studies

21. Digital Hadron Calorimeter With RPCs
Fishing Lines
Default Design
Resistive paint
Mylar
1.2mm gas gap
Aluminum foil
1.1mm glass
-HV
Signal pads
G10 board
Exotic Design
Resistive paint
Signal pads
Mylar
Aluminum foil
1.1mm glass
1.2mm gas gap
-HV
G10 board board
Fishing Lines
muon
8 GeV e+
8 GeV pi-

22. Measurements of Operational Parameters
Selected Results
Measurements of Positron Showers
Measurements of Operational Parameters
1 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 3 P05001, 2008
2 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P04006, 2009.
Large System Simulations
3 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P10008, 2009.

23. Selected Results Rate Measurements
4 B. Bilki et. al., JINST 4 P06003, 2009.
Measurements of Environmental Effects
Submitted to JINST.