1. Training Perspectives for Developing Countries
Baset Khalaf
Tshwane University of Technology

2. CURRENT SITUATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Characteristics of CE Dept.
Uneven affiliation regarding In-house/outsourced
CE budget/inventory is 0.1-3%
Focus of CE Dept % repairs
Coverage of equipment types
Biomedical equip.10-40% in-house, 60-90% outsourced
Imaging & lab equip. 90% outsourced

3. Current situation cont.
Education & Training: few and mostly on the job training
25-50% of medical equipment are OUT OF ORDER
Most visible problems
Shortage of technical personnel
Lack of proper planning & acquisition policies
Lack of spare parts & technical documentation

4. Significant increase in demand for CE practitioners
CHALLENGES & FUTURE
Awareness of need & job stability
Budget & recurrent costs
Skills development
Parts sourcing
Forecast
Significant increase in demand for CE practitioners

5. Affordable Solution Training of engineers/technicians
Supply of spare parts
Building up a maintenance infrastructure
Rational acquisition of equipment

6. Growth in Medical Devices Industry; Recent Figures
Total expenditure for health globaly is estimated at 3.5 Trillion USD, 89% dedicated to the GHTF members ( big 5)
In 2000, WHO estimated half a million medical devices available on the market represented over USD145 billion.
Expected to grow to USD260 billion in (Drugs USD250 billion in 2002)
Increasingly urgent to ensure medical device safety and effectiveness.

7. PRACTICAL MAINTENANCE STRATEGY
Whatever appropriate equipment acquired must be maintained
Even wealthy developed countries do not rely entirely on expensive company services
Must have affordable in-house technical service personnel strategically trained to support Private/Public sectors cooperation

8. INVENTORY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
MRI
CT, X-RAY, LASERS
ULTRASOUND
DIFIBRILLATORS
VENTILATORS, MONITORS
INFUSION PUMPS
STERILIZERS, PHOTOMETERS, SPHYGMOMANOMETERS, NEBULIZERS,WATER BATHS
COMPLEXITY
QUANTITY

9. INPUT TO TRAINING STRATEGY Best Practice
Consider lower half of the Pyramid
Training of CE Practitioners is shorter and cost-effective
Qualifications required: diploma or trade certificate plus on-job training
Cost & duration of training increases by going up in the pyramid; upper half
Servicing such complex system can be outsourced.

10. S7 S8 S5 and S6 S4 S3 S1 and S2 B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech
DIGITAL & SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
TELECOM-MUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS AND CONTROL ENG
ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
CLINICAL ENGINEERING S7 S8
B. Tech
B. Tech
B. Tech
B. Tech
B. Tech
In - Industry or On-Campus Practice Training with focus on entrepreneurship
S5 and S6
Theoretical : Specialization with Elective Subjects S4
Theoretical : Generic plus a few elective subjects S3
Theoretical: Generic Base Training
S1 and S2

11. TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY STATION IN ELECTRONICS
COLLABORATIVE INTERNATIONAL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TECH UNIV SURREY
TECH UNIV ENSCHEDE
TECHNICAL UNIV GIESSEN -Germany
TECH UNIV QUEENSLAND
Electronic Systems Research & Development
Telecommunications
Embedded Processing
Telecommunications
Systems Engineering Entrepreneurship
Clinical Engineering
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY STATION IN ELECTRONICS
DTI and GTZ supported

12. April 3-13 & June 26 – July 4
Electromedical Equipment Maintenance
Who should attend:
This workshop will provide information of interest & hands on experience to:
Engineers & Technicians who wish to work in the field of Clinical Engineering
Technical Assistants who do not have formal education in the field
Suppliers of medical equipment

13. Electromedical Equipment Maintenance Course Outline
1. TROUBLESHOOTING: MEDICAL EQUIPMENT. 3 hrs
2. ELECTRO-CARDIOGRAM AND ECG SYSTEMS. 3 hrs
3. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING hrs
4. PULSE OXIMETRY hrs
5. PATIENT MONITORS hrs
6. DEFIBRILLATORS hrs
7. VENTILATORS hrs
8. ANAESTHETIC MACHINES hrs
9. INFUSION AND SYRINGE PUMPS. 6 hrs
10. ELECTROSURGERY AND DIATHERMY EQUIPMENT. 6hrs
11. NEONATAL INCUBATORS AND INFANT WARMERS. 3 hrs
12. ELECTRICAL SAFETY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT. 3 hrs
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF TRAINEES 6 hrs
Certificates will be issued to successful trainees

14. Healthcare Technology Management July 3-7 & September 25-29
PROVISION
UTILISATION
ACQUISITION
Health
Outcomes
Health Services
Health System
Life Cycle of HT

15. HTM Outline Health Technology Acquisition (HTAQ)
Medical Equipment Replacement
Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
Human Resource Management
Good Management Practice and medical equipment
Risk Management
Performance Indicators
Asset Management
Development of Clinical Engineering Department (CED)
Clinical Engineering Support

16. Training Perspectives for Developing Countries
Questions? Comments?