1. MODELS OF STRESS & COPING
Models of Stress-Coping describe relationship between:
Stressor
Stress reaction & levels
Coping strategies
Adaptation
Influencing factors.

2. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Model
3 stages:
a. Alarm stage
b. Resistance stage
c. Exhaustion stage

3. Lazarus Model Interaction of person with environment
Role of appraisal – primary & secondary appraisal
Primary appraisal – analyses the stressor & determines it (+ve or –ve). Differences individuals would look different kinds of stress.
Secondary appraisal –Subject determines can cope or not, deciding what coping options
Stress arises only when a particular transaction is appraised by the person as relevant
Re-appraisal, continually evaluating, changing or re-labeling primary or secondary appraisal as situation progress.

4. General Stress Model, Weitan (1994)
Subjective-cognitive appraisal is inculcated
Intensity of emotional, physiological & behavioral problem
The subjective appraisal & intensity will effect the adjustment

5. Matheny Model (1986) Factor how individual cope with stress
Stress level influenced by type of stressor & individual perception
Individual coping resources will influence the coping strategy

6. Moos & Swindle (1990)
Looking at the anticipating stressor at various level:
a. Environment – ongoing life stressor
b. Individual – socio demographic, personal resources
c. Life events – getting married, divorce

7. ABC-X MODEL of FAMILY STRESS
A= The event or the stressor (normative or non-normative)
B= The Family’s Resources – individuals, family, community
C= The definition or perception which family gives to the event –challenge, optimism, hopeless
X = the resulting crisis (adaptation or maladaptatin)

8. Double ABC-X Model Expand original ABC-X model and add post crisis
aA= additional stressors
bB= additional resources
cC= reinterpretations

9. The Family Process of Adjustment & Adaptation @ Resiliency Model
Family adaptation over time to chronic stress
It consists adjustment phase & the adaptation phase.

10. Roller-Coaster Profile of Adjustment
4 stages model
Crisis
2. Disorganization
3. Recovery
4. Reorganization

11. Biopsychosocial Model
Combine concept of biology & psychosocial
3 components:
A) An external component
B) An internal component
C) Interaction between external & internal

12. Multisystem Assessment of Stress & Health (MASH)
3 primary component (stress, coping resources, satisfaction)
4 level of a person’s life (personal, work, couple & family
4 key coping resources
(problem solving, communication, closeness, flexibility)

13. Diathesis – Stress Model
Psychological theory that explain behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors & life experiences
Discuss the influences of stress to mental disorders