1. Developmentally appropriate practices and specialized instruction are fundamentally dependent upon each other in early childhood special education.
Record 2 thoughts you have about this statement.
Record 1 question / wondering you have about this statement.

2. Big Ideas
Developmentally appropriate practices and specialized instruction are fundamentally dependent upon each other in early childhood special education.
Not an either / or
It is possible to have specialized instruction and DAP
Quality early childhood settings have children with a variety of special needs meaningfully participating.
We often encounter barriers when we do not understand the meaning behind the language we use.

3. Guidelines for DAP Guidelines for DAP Global quality indicators
Individualization
Specialized instruction

4. Guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Creating a caring community of learners
Teaching to enhance development and learning
Planning curriculum to achieve important goals
Assessing children’s development and learning
Establishing reciprocal relationships with families
Copple & Bredekamp, 2009

5. Teaching to enhance development and learning
PQA items
Possible adaptations, scaffolding
DEC Recommended Instructional Practice
Specificity to our conceptual model

6. Teaching to enhance development and learning
Teachers plan for learning experiences that effectively implement a comprehensive curriculum so that children attain key goals across the domains.

7. PQA Items IV – A - Curriculum model IV – B – Team teaching
IV – D – Anecdotal notes taking by staff

8. DEC Recommended Practices
INS2. Practitioners, with the family, identify skills to target for instruction that help a child become adaptive, competent, socially connected, and engaged and that promote learning in natural and inclusive environments.

9. Teaching to enhance development and learning
Teachers plan environment, schedule, and daily activities to promote each child’s learning and development.

10. PQA Items I – Learning Environment A- Safe and healthy environment
B- Defined interest areas
C- Logically located interest areas
D- Outdoor space, equipment, materials
E- Organization and labeling of materials
F- Varied and open-ended materials
G- Plentiful materials
H- Diversity-related materials

11. PQA Items II – Daily Routine A- Consistent daily routine
B- Parts of the day
C- Appropriate time for each part of the day
D- Time for child planning
E- Time for child-initiated activities
F- Time for child recall
G- Small-group time
H- Large-group time
I- Choices during transition times
L- Outside time

12. DEC Recommended Practices
E3. Practitioners work with the family and other adults to modify and adapt the physical, social, and temporal environments to promote each child’s access to and participation in learning experiences.

13. Teaching to enhance development and learning
Teachers possess an extensive repertoire of skills and strategies, they are able to draw on, and they know how and when to choose them, to effectively promote each child’s learning and development at that moment. Those skills include the ability to adapt curriculum, activities, and materials to ensure full participation of all children. Those strategies include but are not limited to acknowledging, encouraging, giving specific feedback, modeling, demonstrating, adding challenge, giving cues or other assistance, providing information, and giving directions.

14. PQA Items III- Adult Child Interaction
D- Support for child communication
F- Adults as partners in play
G- Encouragement of child initiatives
H- Support for child learning at group times
I- Opportunities for child exploration
J- Acknowledgment of child efforts
L- Independent problem solving
M- Conflict Resolution

15. DEC Recommended Practices
INS2. Practitioners, with the family, identify skills to target for instruction that help a child become adaptive, competent, socially connected, and engaged and that promote learning in natural and inclusive environments.
INS7. Practitioners use explicit feedback and consequences to increase child engagement, play, and skills.

16. Teaching to enhance development and learning
Teachers know how and when to scaffold children’s learning and just enough assistance to enable each child to perform at a skill level just beyond what the child can do on their own.
Teachers make experiences in their classroom accessible and responsive to all children and their needs.

17. Scaffolding Silence Observation Understanding Listening
Entering activity
Participating on child’s developmental level and interest
Offering support
Providing gentle extensions within context, as appropriate

18. DEC Recommended Practice
INS6. Practitioners use systematic instructional strategies with fidelity to teach skills and to promote child engagement and learning.
Example: Incidental Teaching

19. Identify why you are stuck
Identify why you are stuck. What is your position? How is this a disconnect or problem?
What do you hope to achieve? Why do you hold this position? Why do you want to do what you want to do?
How does the current curriculum support your anticipated outcome?
Do you need something “more?”
What additional techniques are supported as Recommended, Evidence-based, or Research-based practices?
How do these techniques align with components of high quality early childhood practices?
Which of these techniques are a good fit for the child, classroom, and situation?
Identify why you are stuck
Specialized Instruction
Use of appealing open-ended appropriate materials
Manipulation of materials AND ideas
Children make choices
Encourage child language and thought
Adults scaffold children’s thinking

20. Developmentally appropriate practices and specialized instruction are fundamentally dependent upon each other in early childhood special education.
Record 2 thoughts you have about this statement.
Record 1 question / wondering you have about this statement.

21. Turn and Talk
How are your responses similar to those at the beginning of the session?
How are they different?
What do you want to explore further?
How might you do so?