1. ATP energy
Biology

2. Vocabulary (Write these down!)
ATP
Pigments

3. ATP All cells need __________for life.
ENERGY
All cells need __________for life.
Some things we use energy for are:
Moving
Thinking
Sleeping
Breathing
Growing
Reproducing

4. The principal chemical compound used by living things to store energy is: adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Labeled Sketch:
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

5. ATP:
ATP is used for active transport, movement of cell organelles and other basic functions (mitosis, etc)
Glucose: sugar molecule that stores 90 times more energy than ATP. Glucose is used to regenerate ATP.

6. Why do we use ATP? Why not just get energy from sugar directly?
ATP is small units of energy. Sugar is a very high energy molecule (if you burn it all at once…spontaneous combustion!)

7. Comparison of burning a marshmallow at a campfire vs in your body.
When sugar burned in fire:
Both have in common (Similarities)
When sugar burned in body
Energy is released quickly as heat and light
-Glucose and oxygen are reactants.
-Carbon dioxide and water are products.
-Both release energy.
Energy is stored in small ATP molecules for slow use

8. Analogy: Power lines= sugar = tons of energy
Wall socket = ATP = smaller units of energy

9. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs?
Autotrophs: Obtain energy from themselves, internal processes.
auto: self
Heterotrophs: Obtain energy from outside resources
Hetero: other, different

10. Light and Pigments

11. Light and Pigments Why are most plants green?
Are there plants / photosynthetic organisms that are other colors?
-Why?
The answer lies in:
Light Spectra
Pigments

12. Light and Pigments What is the light spectra?
Visible light is just a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

13. Light and Pigments
The longest wavelengths have the lowest energies. (radio)
As wavelengths decrease, the energy increases. (gamma)
Jump rope…

14. Light and Pigments red orange yellow green blue indigo violet.
Different colors correspond to different wavelengths
The colors of the rainbow are ROY G BIV:
red orange yellow green blue indigo violet.
red has the longest wavelength, and the lowest energy
violet has the shortest wavelength, and the highest energy

15. Only red light is reflected
Seeing color
The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
Homework
White
light
Only red light is reflected
Homework

16. Purple light White light
A pair of purple pants would reflect purple light
(and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colors:
Homework
White
light

17. Using colored light
If we look at a colored object in colored light we see something different.
Shirt looks red
White
light
Homework
Shorts look blue

18. In different colors of light these clothes would look different:
Red
light
Shirt looks red
Shorts look black
Shirt looks black
Blue
light
Homework
Shorts look blue

19. What color is this dress??

22. Light and Pigments
Plants gather light spectra with light absorbing molecules called PIGMENTS
The major pigment used by plants is chlorophyll
There are two main chlorophyll types a and b

23. But very poorly in the green part of the spectrum.
Light and Pigments
Chlorophyll a and b absorb light very well in the violet/blue and orange/red parts of the spectrum.
But very poorly in the green part of the spectrum.
This makes most plants green (remember, to see a color it needs to be reflected)

24. Light and Pigments Beta-carotene (orange)
Other pigments are also present in plants that use other wavelengths
These include:
Beta-carotene (orange)
Xanthophyll (Lutein) (yellow)

25. There is so much chlorophyll, it masks other pigment colors.
Light and Pigments
Autumn Leaves
There is so much chlorophyll, it masks other pigment colors.
Light regulates chlorophyll production, so shorter days means less chlorophyll is produced, and the green color fades.
Anthocynanins, producing red color, are produced during the breakdown of chlorophyll.