1. Unidad 3, leccion2
¿Cómo es tu familia?

2. In this lesson you will learn to:
Describe families
Ask & tell ages
Express possession
Give Dates
Make comparisons
Using
de to show possession
Possessive adjectives
Comparatives

3. La familia El abuelo El cuñado El esposo El hermano El hermanastro
El hijo
El medio hermano
El nieto
El padre
El padrastro
El primo
El sobrino
El suegro
El tío
La abuela
La cuñada
La esposa
La hermana
La hermanastra
La hija
La media hermana
La nieta
La madre
La madrastra
La prima
La sobrina
La suegra
La tía

4. To tell Family Relationship

5. To tell family relationship:
Use the verb ser when referring to relationship
Remember the conjugations of ser are soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
For example:
The mother of my mother is my grandmother.
La madre de mi madre es mi abuela.
The son of my brother is my nephew.
El hijo de mi hermano es mi sobrino.
The wife of my brother is my sister-in-law.
La esposa de mi hermano es mi cuñada.
I am the granddaughter of my grandmother.
Soy la nieta de mi abuela.
They are my newphews.
Ellos son mis sobrinos.

6. Now you try: 1. The mother of my father is my grandmother.
2. The daughter of my sister is my niece.
3. The son of my uncle is my cousin.
4. The wife of my brother is my sister-in-law.
5. The children of my parents are my siblings (brothers and sisters).

7. Check a few things:
Did you use the correct article with each family member when you said the? Using“el” with male members and “la” with female and “los” and “las” when they are plural?
Did you use “mi” and “mis” when you said my? Using “mi” with a single family member and “mis” with multiple members (plural words)
Did you use “es” for “is” and “son” for “are” when talking about other people?

8. Showing Possession

9. Showing possession
The rule:
For example:
In Spanish ’s is never used. To show possession, use de and the noun that refers to the owner/possessor.
El gato de Marisa (Marisa’s cat)
Los primos de Juan (Juan’s cousin)

10. You try: 1. Jose’s sister 2. Marisol’s birthday 3. my brother’s dog
4. my friend’s cat
5. Paula’s book

11. Possessive adjectives

12. Nuestro padre Nuestra madre Nuestros padres Nuestras hermanas
In Spanish, possessive adjectives agree in number with the nouns they describe and replace the article before the noun.
Possessive Adjectives
For example:
mi(s)
nuestro(s)
nuestra(s)
tu(s)
vuestro(s)
vuestra(s)
su(s)
Nuestro padre
Our father
Nuestra madre
Our mother
Nuestros padres
Our parents
Nuestras hermanas
Our sisters
Notice the possessive adjective is singular
or plural based on the word behind it.

13. You try: 1. My dog 2. My cats 3. Her daughter 4. Our son
5. Their children
6. Their aunt
7. Your student (s,f)

14. Using tener to tell age

15. Use tener to talk about how old a person is.
The verb tener
For example:
tengo
tenemos
tienes
tenéis
tiene
tienen
¿Cuántos años tienes tú?
How old are you?
Yo tengo quince años.
I am fifteen years old.
¿Cuántos años tiene tu amigo?
How old is your friend?
Mi amigo tiene doce años.
My friend is twelve years old.

16. You try: 1. How old is your grandmother?
2. My grandmother is fifty-seven years old.
3. My brother is ten years old.
4. Our cat is eight years old.
5. His father is forty years old.

17. Telling the Date

18. Asking & Telling dates:
Examples asking about dates:
Telling dates:
¿Cuál es la fecha?
What is the date?
¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
When is your birthday?
¿Cuándo es el cumpleaños de tu hermano?
When is your brother’s birthday?
To give the date, use the phrase:
Es el + number + de + month
Only the first of the month does not follow the pattern.
Es el primero de noviembre
It is the first of November
The year is expressed in thousands and hundreds.
Mil cuatrocientos setenta y dos
(1472)

19. Comparatives

20. Comparatives are expressions used to compare two people or things
Comparatives are expressions used to compare two people or things. In English, comparative adjectives are formed by adding –er to the end of a word or by using more, less, and as. English: Pablo is taller than Juan. Spanish: Pablo es más alto que Juan.

21. Comparatives with an adjective
más… que
Mi amiga es más talentosa que mi hermano.
My friend is more talented than my brother.
menos…que
La clase de ciencias es menos divertida que la clase de español.
The science class is less fun than the Spanish class.
tan…como
Mi maestra es tan simpática como tu maestra.
My teacher is as nice as your teacher.

22. Comparatives without an adjective
más que…
Me gusta escuchar música más que estudiar.
I like listening music more than studying.
menos que…
Me gustan las naranjas menos que las uvas.
I like oranges less than grapes.
tanto como…
¿Te gusta leer un libro tanto como mirar la television?
Do you like reading a book as much as watching television?

23. There are a few irregular comparative words
There are a few irregular comparative words. They agree in number with the first noun.
mayor (older), menor (younger), mejor (better), peor (worse)
For example:
Mis abuelos son mayores que mis tíos.
My grandparents are older than my uncles.
Mi hermano es menor que mi prima.
My brother is younger than my cousin.

24. Try a few: 1. My grandmother is more neat than my aunt.
2. My brother is less serious than my father.
3. My mom is as funny as my grandfather.
4. Spanish class is better than English class.
5. Strawberries are better than grapes.