1. Monday, December 4, 2017 – Friday, January 19, 2018
UNIT 5
Monday, December 4, 2017 – Friday, January 19, 2018

2. Unit 5 – Earth’s Place in the Universe
SCCCR Standard
8.E.4: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the universe and the predictable patterns caused by Earth’s movement in the solar system.
8.E.4A.1 Obtain and communicate information to model the position of the Sun in the universe, the shapes and composition of galaxies, and the measurement unit needed to identify star and galaxy locations. 

3. Unit 5 – Earth’s Place in the Universe
Our solar system is part of the _____________ galaxy.
The Milky Way galaxy has a(an) _________ shape.
A ______________ is equal to the distance light travels in one year.
Milky Way
spiral
light year

4. Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
Galaxies are made up of gas, dust, and billions of stars and have different shapes.
elliptical – spherical or flattened disks
spiral – a nucleus of bright stars and two or more spiral arms
irregular – no definite shape

5. Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
The Sun is a star in the Milky Way galaxy located in a spiral arm about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy.

6. Light Year
Due to distances in space being so great that conventional numbers are too large to work with, astronomers use a unit of measurement called light year to measure the distance to stars and galaxies in space.

7. The distance light travels in one year is _______________
Scientific Notation
The distance light travels in one year is _______________
9,460,000,000,000 km
In scientific notation that looks like this:
9.46 x 10
9.46 trillion km 12

8. Parallax is the apparent change in position of an object when you look from different places.
Experiment –
pick a small object to look at
Look at it with one eye covered
Look at it with the other eye covered
Did you observe a difference?

9. Homework due Wednesday
Vocabulary Page 251 and
Worksheet
Tomorrow is a CAREER ASSESSMENT
With Mr. Saunders

10. Bell Work #2 Wednesday, 2017-12-06
Write the word and letter of the definition that goes with it.
1. Parallax Universe Light-year 4. Scientific notation
All of space and everything in it
Short-hand method of writing numbers using the power of 10
The distance light travels in one year; 9.46 x km
The apparent change of position of an object seen from different places 12

11. SCCCR Standard
8.E.4A.2 Construct and analyze scientific arguments to support claims that the universe began with a period of extreme and rapid expansion using evidence from the composition of stars and gases and the motion of galaxies in the universe.

12. All of the matter in the universe now was in the universe when it formed.
There is evidence to support that scientists are able to estimate the age of the universe in two ways
by looking for the oldest stars
by measuring the rate of expansion of the universe

13. By looking for the oldest stars
Nebula (gas and dust) exist in space and are remnants from the formation of the universe.
Stars undergo a life cycle based on the composition of the gases within them. As stars age the amount of hydrogen in the star changes, therefore changing the color and brightness of the star.

14. By measuring the rate of expansion of the universe
Astronomers determined the galaxy is expanding based on the color of light emitted from galaxies and stars.
The wavelength of light waves change as objects move towards or away from Earth.
Light from objects that are moving toward Earth shift toward the blue end of the spectrum.
Light from objects moving away from Earth shift toward the red end of the spectrum.
This is known as the Doppler effect.

15. By measuring the rate of expansion of the universe
As the universe expands and galaxies move apart, the wave-length of light emitted from those galaxies is stretched. This shifts light toward the red end of the spectrum and is called “Red Shift”.
The more distance or faint a galaxy is the more rapidly it is moving away from Earth.

16. Homework: Vocabulary
Nebula (use glossary)
Doppler Effect (use notes)
Red Shift (use notes)

17. Bell Work # Thursday,
Our solar system is composed of eight planets in the following order from the Sun out:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

18. Video Quiz Thursday, December 7, 2017
The sun is the center of our solar system which means that our solar system is heliocentric around it. That is, everything in our solar system revolves 360 degrees around the sun.
The sun is primarily made up of Hydrogen and Helium, and the average temperature gets up to 5,500 degrees centigrade.
The smallest planet in the solar system, which has a dense iron core is Mercury. It gets no closer to the sun than 46,000,000 km.

19. Video Quiz Thursday, December 7, 2017
Earth’s sister planet, Venus, is rocky and has an atmosphere mostly made of Carbon Dioxide. The closest it gets to the sun is 107,000,000 km.
Earth’s atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen and the closest it gets to the sun is 147,000,000 km.
The red planet, Mars, is red because it has Iron Oxide (AKA rust in its crust). It has 2 moons and a very thin atmosphere that includes polar ice caps. The closest it gets to the sun is 207,000,000 km.

20. Video Quiz Thursday, December 7, 2017
The largest planet is Jupiter. It is mostly made up of Hydrogen gas and appears to have tiger stripes. It also has thin rings and 63 orbiting moons. It is 741,000,000 km from the sun.
Another gas giant, Saturn, features rings made up of ice and dust. It has 60 moons and is 1,350,000,000 km from the sun.
Uranus has faint rings and 27 moons. It is so cold at -200 degrees centigrade because it is 2,700,000,000 km from the sun, twice that of Saturn.

21. Video Quiz Thursday, December 7, 2017
The last planet, Neptune, is 4,460,000,000 km from the sun and has 13 moons. It stinks because it is made up of Methane and Ammonia along with Hydrogen and ice.
If our solar system was the same size as a football field, Earth would only be the size of a grain of sand.

22. SCCCR Standard
8.E.4B.1 Obtain and communicate information to model and compare the characteristics and movements of objects in the solar system (including planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteors).

23. The Solar System
Objects found in the solar system have characteristics based on surface features and atmosphere (if there is one).
These objects move via orbit/revolution and/or rotation.

24. Planets
Planets may have either a terrestrial/rocky surface or a gaseous surface.
Gaseous planets are considerably larger than terrestrial planets.
Planets may have rings or other unique surface characteristics.
Movement of planets is based on revolution around the Sun and rotation on the planet’s axis.

25. Moons
Moons are studied in relation to the planet they orbit. Not all planets have moons.
Most are rocky bodies covered with craters, but some have unique characteristics.
Movement of moons is based on revolution around their planets and rotation on their axis.

26. Asteroids
Most asteroids are rocky bodies that orbit in a region in the solar system known as the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.
They vary in size and shape.
Movement is based on their revolution around the Sun.
Some asteroids outside the asteroid belt have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit, which require scientists to monitor their positions.

27. Comets
Comets have a main body or head (ice, methane and ammonia and dust) and a tail that emerges as the comet gets closer to the Sun during its orbit.
The effects of the solar winds result in the tail always pointing away from the Sun.
Comets have long, narrow, elliptical orbits that cause them to cross paths with other objects in the solar system.
Most comets originate from regions of the solar system that lie beyond the orbit of Neptune.

28. Meteors
Meteors are chunks of rock that burn upon entering a planet’s atmosphere.
Prior to entering the atmosphere, chunks of rock move about within the solar system and are known as meteoroids.
When a chunk of rock strikes the surface of a planet or moon, it is known as a meteorite.

29. Use the glossary of your text to define: Planet Asteroid Comet Meteor
Homework
Use the glossary of your text to define:
Planet
Asteroid
Comet
Meteor
Friday is the Field Trip to the Career Fair