1. Galaxies and Universe Expansion

2. Bellringer 9 - Monday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pgs. 61-65 to your Table of Contents. Pg.61 4. On Pg.61, answer the questions to the right. 1. What galaxy do we live in? 2. How many stars are in the Solar System? 3. Put these in order from largest to smallest: galaxy, universe, solar system

3. Galaxies and Measurements Notes Sun  The Sun is a star in the Milky Way galaxy located in a spiral arm about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy.  Galaxies are made up of gas, dust, and billions of stars and have different shapes.

4. 1. Elliptical 1. Elliptical – Spherical or flattened disks. 2. Spiral 2. Spiral – a nucleus of bright stars and two or more spiral arms 3. Irregular 3. Irregular – no definite shape Galaxy Shapes

5. Measurement of Space light year  Because distances in space are so great that conventional numbers are too large to work with, astronomers use a unit of measurement called light year to measure the distance to stars and galaxies in space.  The distance in one light year is equal to the distance light travels in one year.  Light travels 5.88 x 10 12 mi per year

6. Galaxy Types, pg.63 1. First we are going to watch a short video clip on the different types of galaxies. 2. Add the Galaxy Types flip chart to notebook pg.62. 3. Cut on the solid lines and fold along the dotted lines. 4. Draw a picture of the galaxy on top of the flap. 5. Under the flap, write the name and characteristics of each galaxy.

7. Space Vocabulary Foldable, pg. 64  Cut along the solid lines.  Fold on the dotted lines.  Glue the side tab down so you have 7 doors you can open. Pg.64  Add the vocabulary words on the outside.  Write the definitions on the inside. Elliptical galaxy Irregular galaxy Spiral galaxy Light year Nebula Doppler effect Red shift

8. Bellringer 9 - Tuesday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pg. 66 to your Table of Contents. Pg.61 4. On Pg.61, answer the questions to the right. 1. What are the names of the 3 types of galaxies? 2. Which of the components of the universe best describes a system of stars, gases and dust held together by gravity? A. Galaxy B. Planet C. Comet D. Solar system 3. Which image best represents the location of the Sun in the Milky Way galaxy?

9. Galaxy Lab Stations, pg. 66  Today you will be completing 4 stations on the three different types of galaxies and the sun’s location in the universe.  Explore it  Research it  Organize it  Read it  Make sure your groups are: 1. reading the directions sheet, 2. following each task card (in order), 3. and recording your answers on your lab sheet.

10. Bellringer 9 - Wednesday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pgs. 67-68 to your Table of Contents. Pg.61 4. On Pg.61, answer the questions below.

11. 20.4 The Universe is Expanding  Open to textbook pg.711  We are going to read this section together, out loud.  Volunteers needed, otherwise I will just choose students at random.

12. Theory of Expansion Notes, pg.67  All of the matter in the universe now, was in the universe when it formed. THENNOW

13. There is evidence to support that scientists are able to estimate the age of the universe in two ways: 1. by looking for the oldest stars  Nebula  Nebula (gas and dust) exist in space and are remnants from the formation of the universe.  Stars undergo a life cycle based on the composition of the gases within them. As stars age the amount of hydrogen in the star changes, therefore changing the color and brightness of the star.

14. 2. by measuring the rate of expansion of the universe.  Astronomers determined the galaxy is expanding based on the color of light emitted from galaxies and stars.  The wavelength of light waves change as objects move towards or away from Earth. Doppler effect  Light from objects that are moving toward Earth shift toward the blue end of the spectrum. Light from objects moving away from Earth shift toward the red end of the spectrum. This is known as the Doppler effect.

15. “red shift”  As the universe expands and galaxies move apart, the wavelength of light emitted from those galaxies is stretched. This shifts the light toward the red end of the spectrum and is called “red shift”.  The more distance or faint a galaxy the more rapidly it is moving away from Earth.

16. Review Guide worksheet, pg.68  This worksheet is your homework tonight!  Glue it into your notebook and I will check to see that you’ve done that as your exit ticket!

17. Bellringer 9 - Thursday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pg. 69 to your Table of Contents. Pg.61 4. On Pg.61, answer the questions to the right.

18. Expansion of the Universe Lab  Add the lab sheet to pg.69 in your notebook.  Follow all procedures to complete the lab with your group.  Write a 5-8 sentence conclusion paragraph under the lab to tell what you’ve learned about the universe.

20. Bellringer 9 - Friday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pg.70 to your Table of Contents. Pg.61 4. On Pg.61, answer the question to the right.

21. Astronomy Quiz 1  Fill in your ID# and bubble correctly!  When you are done with your quiz raise your hand and read until everyone is finished.

22. Characteristics and Movements of Objects in the Solar System  Objects that are found in the solar system have characteristics based on:  surface features,  atmosphere (if there is one),  & movement (orbit/revolution/rotation).

23. Planets Surface Features:  May have a terrestrial/rocky surface or a gaseous surface.  Gaseous planets are considerably larger than terrestrial planets.  Some planets have a unique surface characteristic, for example color or an atmospheric storm. Movement: Sunplanet’s axis  should be based on: revolution around the Sun and rotation on the planet’s axis.

24. Planets Extra Information:  Mercury is the only planet with no atmosphere; it’s too hot.  All of the outer planets have rings: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

25. Moons Surface Features:  Most are rocky bodies covered with craters, but some have unique characteristics. Movement:  Based on revolution around their planets and rotation on their axis. Extra Information:  studied in relation to the planet they orbit.  not all planets have moons.

26. Asteroids Surface Features:  Most asteroids are rocky bodies that orbit in a region in the solar system known as the Asteroid Belt. Movement:  Based on their revolution around the Sun.  Some asteroids outside of the asteroid belt have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit, which require scientists to monitor their positions. Extra Information:  They vary size and shape.  The Asteroid Belt is located between Mars and Jupiter.

27. Comets Surface Features:  Have a main body or head (ice, methane, ammonia, and dust) and a tail that emerges as the comet gets closer to the Sun during its orbit. Movement:  Unique long, narrow elliptical revolutions. Extra Information:  The effects of solar winds results in the tail always pointing away from the Sun.  Most comets originate from regions of the solar system that lie beyond the orbit of Neptune.

28. Meteors Surface Features:  Chunks of rock that burn up entering a planet’s atmosphere. Movement:  location and movement cause the different terms – meteor, meteoroid, or meteorite Extra Information:  Prior to entering that atmosphere the chunks of rock that move about within the solar system are known as meteoroids.  When a chunk of rock strikes the surface of a planet or moon it is known as a meteorite.