1. What blood types can give or receive blood with other types?
WARM UP
Describe how the different blood types affect how blood transfusions can be given.
What blood types can give or receive blood with other types?

2. Hardy-Weinberg Equation

3. Hardy-Weinberg Rule G.H. Hardy Wilhelm Weinberg
British mathematicican
Wilhelm Weinberg
German doctor
Analyze allele frequencies to see if a population is evolving

4. H-W Equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p = A frequency q = a frequency p2 = AA
q2 = aa

5. H-W Equation To solve for allele frequencies:
Find frequency of aa organisms
aa freq. = q2
Square root of q2 = q
q = a frequency
1 – q = p
p = A frequency
Compare A and a freq. over time

6. H-W Equilibrium No evolution is occurring
No mutations, selection, gene flow, genetic drift
Allele frequencies will not change

7. H-W Evolution
Equilibrium requirements are rarely met, so evolution is usually occurring somewhere
Mutation, selection, etc.
Allele frequency is changing

8. WRAP UP Write down the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
Describe how Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is different than evolution.

9. WARM UP
Calculate the R and r frequency for the handedness trait in the human population, which is about 8% left-handed (the recessive trait).

10. WRAP UP
How do the numbers generated in the Hardy-Weinberg equation show evolution?