1. Science Bell Ringer: Copy down in your HSN!
Sedimentary Rock- Ch4.3
Objectives –Students will be able to:
Describe how sedimentary rocks form.
List the five steps of WEDCC( geological process).
List and describe three major types of sedimentary rocks.
TWIX!

3. Let’s take a closer look at this sedimentary rock!
Have you ever tried to build a sand castle at the beach? Did you ever wonder where the sand came from?
Weathering of Rocks
Calcium Carbonate Critters (Crystalize!)
Both compact together and compress to form Sandstone
Let’s take a closer look at this sedimentary rock!

4. Arches National Park in Utah

5. Origins of Sedimentary Rock:
A 5 Step Process
1) Weathering from: wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity = small fragments
2) Erosion moves sediment from one place to another

6. 3) Deposition is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
•Different types of sediment are shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things.

7. 4) As new layers of sediment occur, they COMPACT the older layers
4) As new layers of sediment occur, they COMPACT the older layers. (pressure)
5) Quartz and Calcite let water seep (or evaporate) past them to form a natural CEMENT.
CEMENTATION occurs over millions of years.
• It transforms loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock

8. Location of Sedimentary Rock
Near the Earth’s surface = no internal heat or pressure from the core
Visual cues= layers or strata

9. Sandstone –So… How do we go from sediment to Sedimentary rock???
–You tell me!
5 Steps!
1.Weathering breaks it!
2.Erosion moves it!
3.Deposition drops it!
4.Compaction squeezes it!
5.Cementation glues it!
We now have sedimentary rock 
Sandstone

10. Sedimentary Rock is Classified by how it forms. 3 Types:
Clastic: Minerals (clasts) cement together Quartz & Calcite, Conglomerate & Breccia
Chemical: Crystalize from a solution like seawater
Halite, Rock Salt, & Rock Candy!
Organic: Remains of plants & animals
Coal, Limestone

11. Let’s learn about each type of sedimentary rock a little more:

12. 1)Clastic Rocks
A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together
The fragments range in size
Grouped by the size of rock fragments or particles in which they are made.
–Shale
•Forms from tiny particles of clay.
•Cementation is needed to hold the clay particles together.

13. Sandstone
Forms from the sand on beaches, on the ocean floor, in riverbeds, and in sand dunes.

14. Conglomerate rocks have fragments with rounded edges.
Breccia rocks are make up of large fragments with sharp edges.

15. All of these
are
Clastic!

16. 2) ORGANIC Sedimentary Rocks
–Form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
–Two important organic rocks are coal and limestone.
–Coal –forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water.

17. Limestone –the hard shells of living things
Limestone forms from the calcite found in the shells and skeletons of coral, clams, oysters, and snails.

18. Limestone = Chalk Another example of limestone is chalk.
(sediments of the skeletons of microscopic living things found in the oceans.)
Limestone = Chalk

19. 3) Chemical Rocks -form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize.
Limestone can form when calcite that is dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water comes out of solution and forms crystals.
Chemical Rocks

20. What are some Sedimentary Rock Uses…
Chemical sedimentary rocks also form when mineral deposits are left when seas or lakes evaporate –rock salt is made of the mineral halite.
Large deposits of rocks formed by evaporation found only in dry climates
What are some Sedimentary Rock Uses…

21. The White House is made of sandstone!
Limestone is important in smelting iron ore and making cement!

22. Largest structure built by living creatures 207,000 km2
The Great Barrier Reef
Largest structure built by living creatures
207,000 km2

23. Comparing & Contrasting
Sedimentary
Rocks
Igneous
Bell Ringer: Please open your HSN and begin brainstorming similarities and differences of these two rocks. 5 bullets a piece. 3 bullets for the similarities.

24. Sandstone –So… How do we go from sediment to Sedimentary rock???
–You tell me!
Let’s “Rock” it!
1.Weathering breaks it!
2.Erosion moves it!
3.Deposition drops it!
4.Compaction squeezes it!
5.Cementation glues it!
We now have sedimentary rock 
Sandstone

25. Rocks are classified on
Critical thinking:
Rocks are classified on
Texture&Composition
Which of these 2 properties would be more important for classifying clastic rocks?

26. Clastic Rocks
A sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together
The fragments range in size
Grouped by the size of rock fragments or particles in which they are made.
–Shale
•Forms from tiny particles of clay.
•Cementation is needed to hold the clay particles together.

27. ORGANIC Sedimentary Rocks
–Form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
–Two important organic rocks are coal and limestone.
–Coal –forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water.

28. Chemical Rocks -forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize.
Limestone can form when calcite that is dissolved in lakes, seas, or underground water comes out of solution and forms crystals.
Chemical Rocks

29. Classification
Each blue tray is numbered There are two samples of each sedimentary rock we discussed on Friday. Using your descriptive notes, try to identify rocks 1-7 in numerical order.
1) 2)
3) 4)
5) 6) 7)
Why do the two samples of #2 look different?
What do the rocks in tray #6 have in common with #7?

31. Let’s Review!
What are the 5 steps needed for the sedimentary rock to form?
Let’s do the WEDCC Rock!
Now, Let’s add this mnemonic device to our IANs.
Take out 5 sticky notes from the blue tub to create a flip chart on this 5 step process.
How quickly does this process occur?

32. Finish your
mnemonic device!

33. Math Connection:
A layer of sedimentary rock is 2 m thick. How many years did it take to form if an average 4mm of sediment accumulated per year?
2m=2,000mm 2,000mm/4mm= 500 years

34. Day 3:
Snickers/Twix Lab

35. SEE it, HEAR it, and DO it!
Please review the steps of WEDCC Sedimentary Rock formation.
Textbook e activities
Candy Bar Lab!

36. Now let’s do it! Snickers lab: Conglomerate Rock
Twix lab: Sandstone Rock
5 bullets for each category!

37. Now Let’s
draw it!