1. Chapter 4 Manging stress and coping with loss
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Manging stress and coping with loss

2. Main Idea
How you think about a challenge determines whether you will experience positive or negative stress
Stress is a natural part of life, you deal with it every day.
Stress is the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands.
It can appear quickly or build up over time

3. Key Terms
Stress
Perception
Stressor
Psychosomatic response

4. The act of becoming aware through the senses
What is stress?
How much the stress of an event affects you, however, depends in part on your perception of it.
The act of becoming aware through the senses
PERCEPTION
You may feel that a disagreement with a friend has ruined your relationship. Your friend my feel that it can be worked out. Because of your perception, you may experience a higher level of stress than your friend does.

5. How do you look at things? It’s all based on perception…

6. Stress can have both positive and negative effects…
Is stress positive or negative ?
Stress can have both positive and negative effects… .
Negative stress can cause you to feel distracted, overwhelmed, impatient, frustrated, or even angry. It can harm your health.
Positive stress can motivate you and inspire you to work harder.

7. What causes you stress? STRESSOR
9/12/2018 4:18 AM
What causes you stress?
STRESSOR
anything that causes stress
People, objects, places, events, and situations.
Remember stressor can depend on your experiences and perceptions
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8. Stress Response (3 Stages)
Stressors activate the nervous system and specific hormones. | involuntary/automatic.
Your mind and body go on high alert. This “fight-or-flight” response prepares you to defend yourself or to flee from a threat.
Alarm
If exposure to a stressor continues, your body adapts and reacts to the stressor. This stage lasts for a brief period.
Resistance
If exposure to stress is prolonged, you begin to tire and lose the ability to manage other stressors effectively.
Fatigue

9. 1
Alarm begins when the hypothalamus, a small area at the base of the brain, receives danger signals from other parts of the brain. The hypothalamus releases a hormone that acts on the pituitary gland.

10. 2
The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands.

11. 3
The adrenal glands secrete adrenaline. Adrenaline is the “emergency hormone” that prepares the body to respond to a stressor.

12. Some of the physical symptoms and responses to stressors
Narrowing of arteries in skin and organs
Increase blood flow to the brain
Increase in muscle tension
Dilated Pupils
Increased perspiration
Faster heart rate and pulse
Rise in blood pressure
Faster respiration
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13. Prolonged stress can lead to a psychosomatic stress:
The physical changes that take place in your body during the stress response can take a toll on your body.
Prolonged stress can lead to a psychosomatic stress:
A physical reaction that results from stress rather than from an injury or illness
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14. Mental & Emotional Effects
Physical Effects
Headache
Weakened immune system
High blood pressure
Bruxism (jaw clenching, teeth grinding)
Digestive disorders
Mental & Emotional Effects
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Mood swings
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15. Chapter 2
Lesson 2
Managing Stress

16. When stress becomes a problem…
Main Idea:
Identifying what is stressful is the first step in learning to manage stress.
Is it an obvious stress?
Does it “sneak” up on you?
The effects of stress are additive, they build up over time.
If you don’t manage the stress it will take a toll on you and lead to
chronic stress: Stress associated with long-term problems that are beyond a person’s control

17. You can develop strategies to avoid and reduce stress using stress-management techniques
Avoiding stressful situations is the easiest way to limit the amount of stress you’re exposed to

18. Avoiding and Eliminating Stress
If taking on a new activity will add to your stress, use refusal skills to say no.
Use refusal skills.
Manage your time wisely by planning ahead. Think about how stressed you feel before a test.
Plan ahead.
A positive outlook limits stress by shifting your perception and how you respond to a stressor.
Think positively.
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
Using tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs will harm the body and cause more stress.

19. Handling and Reducing stress
Some stressors are unavoidable. For those stressors try to find ways to reduce their negative effects.
Practice relaxation techniques:
Deep breathing, stretching, getting a massage, laughing
Practicing these techniques helps you achieve a relaxation response:
A state of calm

20. 2 Other ways to reduce and handle your stress
Redirect Your Energy:
When energy builds up from stress, use that energy in a constructive way. Work on a creative project or engage in physical activity.
Seek Support:
Confide in someone you trust for an objective view and valuable advice.

21. Taking care of your health is essential to stress management
Get adequate rest:
Adequate sleep can help you face the challenges and demands of the next day.
Using time-management skills will allow you to get the eight to nine hours of sleep that you need each night.
Get Regular Physical Activity:
Physical activity can release pent- up energy, clear your mind, increase your energy level and your endurance, and help you sleep better.
Eat Nutritious Foods:
Poor eating habits can contribute to stress, causing weakness, fatigue, and a reduced ability to concentrate.

22. Chapter 4 Lesson 3 Coping with Loss and Grief

23. Main Idea
Acknowledging a loss
is one way to help begin the healing process
will help you begin the healing process
everyone experiences a loss at some point in their life
Understanding the grieving process helps you cope with loss and manage your feelings in healthy ways.
Expressing Grief
can help people accept the loss and start to heal
everyone grieves in their own way
some may talk about their loss; others may want to be alone

24. Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross noted that the grieving process includes stages of grief.
A variety of reactions that may surface as an individual makes sense of how a loss affects him or her
….not everyone goes through every stage and the order may be different for each person

25. Stages of Grief Denial or numbness Emotional Release Anger Bargaining
Depression
Difficult to believe the loss has occurred
The loss is recognized
The person uses anger because he or she feels powerless
Reality of loss sets in, the person may promise to change if what was lost can be returned
Isolation, alienation, and hopelessness may occur

26. Stages of Grief Remorse Hope Acceptance
The person thinks thoughts of how the loss could have been prevented
The person faces reality of the loss and experiences Closure: acceptance of loss
Remembering becomes less painful and the person begins to look to the future
Coping: dealing successfully with difficult changes in your life

27. Coping with death involves receiving and showing support.
Death is one of the most painful losses we can experience.
Most people respond to loss by mourning:
The act of showing sorrow or grief

28. Showing Empathy Community Support
A person’s cultural background also influences grieving.
Common mourning rituals, such as memorial services, wakes, and funerals are events that celebrate the life of the person who has died.
Grieving alone makes the process more difficult.
The friendship and support of others who are also grieving may make the process easier.
Be a sympathetic listener
Use silence when appropriate

29. Coping with Traumatic Events
Any event that has a stressful impact sufficient to overwhelm your normal coping strategies
Traumatic events are sudden and shocking, such as accidents, violent assaults, suicides, and natural disasters.
Support from family, friends, and community resources can help individuals recover from a traumatic event.