1. Comparative Essay (aka Compare & Contrast)
WHAP (Global 9H)

2. These directions will be the same for EVERY comparative essay.
Section B
Suggested writing time: 40 minutes
Directions: 3 Options, each option focusing on a different range (1-2; 3-4; or 5-6)
In your response you should do the following.
Thesis: Present a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim and responds to all parts of the question. The thesis must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion.
Application of Historical Thinking Skills: Develop and support an argument that applies historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
Supporting the Argument with Evidence: Utilize specific examples of evidence to fully and effectively substantiate the stated thesis or relevant argument.
These directions will be the same for EVERY comparative essay.

3. The WHAP Comparative Essay
…will ALWAYS require BOTH Similarities AND Differences
Whether it says:
“Compare and Contrast”
“Similarities and Differences”
Or even just “compare A and B”
***“Compare” means “BOTH similarities and differences” for WHAP

5. Addresses the Question2
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
pts TH
Has acceptable thesis 1
(Must address all parts of the question)
CON
Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt.
Evidence
Provides specific examples of evidence relevant to the topic of the prompt
EVI
Support an argument in response to prompt using specific + relevant examples of evidence
A&R
Uses historical reasoning (comparison) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the prompt
Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses prompt
Addresses the Question
MUST
Address BOTH similarities AND differences Follow the “Rule of 3”
3 solid topic sentences (SIM & DIF)
SHOULD NOT
Address only one and not the other

6. Formatting the Essay
You only get points for pointing out the similarities and differences.
Organization is very important!
Consider the following examples……

7. Let’s Brainstorm
Skittles Smarties

8. Organization of Body Paragraphs
S/Sm Ex 1 S/Sm Ex 2 S/Sm Ex 3

9. Geographic/Candy “Lump”:
Format Example #1
Geographic/Candy “Lump”:
Thesis
Body Paragraph 1: Skittles
Body Paragraph 2: Smarties
This is not a good idea.
Why is this not a good idea?
ANSWER:Where are you going to compare and contrast?

10. Similarities and Differences:
Format Example #2
Similarities and Differences:
Thesis
Body Paragraph 1: Similarity Skittles & Smarties (Characteristic)
Body Paragraph 2: Difference Skittles & Smarties (Characteristic)
Body Paragraph 3: Similarity/Difference Skittles & Smarties (Characteristic)
This can work!!
Set up similarities in 1 paragraph
Set up differences in another paragraph

11. Direct Comparison 4 ie. This happened here. This happened there. MUST
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
pts
Direct Comparison
MUST
Attempt AT LEAST 2-3 relevant, specific, direct comparisons.
Must have connecting phrase to show comparison
Comparative words (see sheet):
Also, equally, just like/as, likewise, both, shared, in addition, like, similarly, too, however, on the other hand, conversely, differently, in contrast, either, neither, in opposition to, unlikely, in contrast to, unlike, although, nevertheless, also, as well, while…
DO NOT:
Just make Parallel / Indirect Comparisons
ie. This happened here. This happened there.

12. DIRECT COMPARISON Statements

13. What are Direct Comparisons?
Think about it….it’s very simple, but not always easy to spot.
It’s a comparison of two things in statement form.
So what is so hard? The two must be CONNECTED by the words you use – cannot be two separate statements.
“CONNECTIVE TISSUE”-words that link your argument, examples, and analysis

14. How are Direct Comparisons written?
Example A:
“Skittles are fruity. Smarties taste like chalk.”
Example B:
“The Skittles taste like fruit, where as Smarties are chalky.”
Which is an example of a direct comparison? Explain.

15. How are Direct Comparisons written?
Example A:
“The British ruled their empire through local intermediaries. France created a bureaucracy staffed by French soldiers and civilian servants.”
Example B:
“The British ruled their empire through local intermediaries, where as France created a bureaucracy staffed by French soldiers and civilian servants.”
Do you notice the difference?

16. How are Direct Comparisons written?
Example A:
“In Mesopotamia, women had very few legal rights. In Egypt, women had the right to own property, and to propose a marriage or divorce.”
Example B:
“In Mesopotamia, women had fewer legal rights than in Egypt. For example, women in Egypt were allowed to own property, but in Mesopotamia, only men could own property
Do you notice the difference?

17. Evidence 3 MUST Give 3-4 specific evidence for each example.
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
pts
Evidence
MUST
Give 3-4 specific evidence for each example.
Evidence includes any support, facts, dates, examples, quotes, etc. that helps to prove the topic sentence (and therefore your thesis)
Evidence must be RELEVANT and ACCURATE

18. Rubric Comparison means to say what is the same and what is different.
If it says “at LEAST one” … if you know your stuff, you should try THREE.
Rule of 3!
Analyze means to say why.
Why is there a difference or similarity?

19. 5
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
pts
Analysis
MUST
EXPLAIN THE REASON for a similarity / difference… WHY?!?
Make AT LEAST one attempts at the analysis point for each example/argument.
CUE words:
because, …led to, … caused by,
affected, impacted, came from,
was due to, in order to
Follow up your topic sentence with BECAUSE… and explain a reason WHY they were similar or different

20. ANALYSIS Statements

21. What is ANALYSIS? Definition: So, what does that mean to you?
The separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements.
So, what does that mean to you?
You need to analyze/explain WHY these societies are similar… or different.
… BECAUSE…

22. 1
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
Thesis
MUST
Address all theme(s)/topic(s) asked about in the question
State the two societies being compared by name.
State the time period given
Include at least 1 sim & 1 diff
Write the thesis only after organizing your essay. ***
SHOULD NOT
(A + B) were similar and different (not clear which is which)
TIPS:
Start with While/Although/Despite… A + B were similar, A was THIS, but B was THAT].

23. 1
LEQ Comparison
Rubric Requirement
pts TH
Has acceptable thesis 1
(Must address all parts of the question)
CMP
Describes similarities AND differences. (Use direct comparative words)
CMP A
Analyzes at least one reason for a similarity And one reason for the difference identified in the direct comparison. HE
Substantiates thesis with appropriate historical evidence. (At least 3-4 HE for each comparison.)
Uses specific examples of historical evidence to fully substantiate (prove the truth of) the stated thesis or argument.
SYN
Extends the argument... makes connections to different historical period, situation, geographical area, ...
Thesis
MUST
Address all theme(s)/topic(s) asked about in the question
State the two societies being compared by name.
State the time period given
Include at least 1 sim & 1 diff
SHOULD NOT
(A + B) were similar and different (not clear which is which)
(A + B) share many similarities and differences.
TIPS:
Start with While/Although/Despite… A + B were similar, A was THIS, but B was THAT].
THESIS KILLERS:
VAGUE TIME: Back in the
day, long ago
VAGUE SUBJECTS: The people (who?), they/them/their (who?)
VAGUE!! Things, Lots / A lot, Stuff, Very, Really, Huge, Many, Aspects
ABSOLUTES: Never, Always, Only
NO 1st PERSON: I, I think, I’m going to tell you, In this essay I will

24. Thesis Examples:  
Which of the following are acceptable thesis statements? Explain.
Example A:
“There are many similarities and differences between Skittles and Smarties.”
Example B:
“Although Skittles and Smarties look similar, their taste may vary.”
Example C:
“As small candies Smarties and Skittles are similar in look, yet because Smarties are made from chalk and Skittles are made from the rainbow their tastes vary.

25. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

26. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

27. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

28. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

29. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

30. Thesis For instance if the prompt was:
“Compare and Contrast the formation of empires in any TWO Classical civilizations (a) the Mediterranean; (b) South Asia; and (c) East Asia” An acceptable thesis sentence would look something like this:
While both the Classical Roman and Han Empires centralized power and militarily expanded their frontiers, the Roman Empire did not utilize a political philosophy to structure and rule their empire while the Han Emperors used a blend of Legalism and Confucianism.
NOTE: (1) both centralized power and (2) both used militaries to expand; and (3) different political philosophies.
NOTE: This thesis contains themes specified in the prompt (empire building), two regions (Rome and Han China), at least one comparison (there are two) and at least one difference, and the time period.
NOTE: It is critical to include the time period …without it an essay may not be historically valid.

31. The Question

32. Brainstorm

33. Common Problems
Describing the two societies or events separately (w/ plenty of evidence) but never comparing and/or contrasting.
You will not earn any points for describing.
Confusing dates, people, and places
Running out of time and not finishing

34. General Problems for all essays
Not addressing the entire prompt.
Similar but not different.
Rambling or Losing focus.
Giving up.
Never, never, never give up!

35. What do I do if I know I am going to run out of time?
NEVER GIVE UP!!!
Focus on the essentials, be sure you’re not wasting time adding unrelated details
Trim or cut the conclusion
Learn from this mistake, and plan better for next time.