1. The Emergence of Civilization
CHAPTER 1
9/12/2018
CHAPTER 1
The Emergence of Civilization
Section 1: Prehistoric Peoples
Section 2: The Foundations of Civilization

2. Prehistoric Peoples Objectives: Section 1:
How do anthropologists, historians, and geographers study prehistory?
What were the achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples?
What important changes did the Neolithic agricultural revolution cause?

3. Prehistoric Peoples Exploring Prehistory Section 1:
Scientific methods – ex. hominids
Studying artifacts – culture
Limited evidence – educated guesses
Major discoveries – Johanson and Leakey
Stone Age

4. Prehistoric Peoples Early Humans Section 1:
The first people – Hunted, migrated; 100,000 to 400,000 years ago Homo sapiens appeared
The Ice Age – Periods of very cold weather occurred over many years
Neanderthals – Homo sapiens who buried their dead, believed in afterlife
Cro-Magnons – Made tools and art, lived in many areas

5. The Agricultural Revolution
CHAPTER 1
9/12/2018
Section 1:
Prehistoric Peoples
The Agricultural Revolution
Middle Stone Age
New Stone Age
Nomads began to settle, developed agricultural, domestication of animals
Societies changed from hunter-gatherers, social roles changed, cities developed

6. The Foundations of Civilization
Section 2:
The Foundations of Civilization
Objectives:
What three main characteristics are shared by civilizations?
What two other characteristics may be shared by civilizations?
What other characteristics and achievements marked the first river valley civilizations?

7. Characteristics of a Civilization
Section 2:
The Foundations of Civilization
Characteristics of a Civilization
Surplus food and irrigation
Cities and government
Division of labor – artisans, merchants, traders

8. Other Characteristics
Section 2:
The Foundations of Civilization
Other Characteristics
Developing a calendar
Inventing writing – around 3000 B.C.

9. The River Valley Civilizations
Section 2:
The Foundations of Civilization
The River Valley Civilizations
The use of metals – copper, tin, bronze, iron
Family and religion