1. CHROMOSOMES

2. Karyotype
A Karyotype represents the set of chromosomes that an individual has
Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes which are organized into 23 pairs.
Chromosome Pairs 1-22 are called autosomes
Chromosome Pair 23 are the sex chromosomes
XX –Female
XY- Male

3. Chromosome from MOM
Chromosome from DAD

4. Homologous Chromosomes
Each set of chromosomes are called Homologous Chromosomes because they appear similar in length, centromere location, and banding pattern when stained
However, they are NOT identical
Remember: One chromosome came from your mom and one from your dad

5. Homologous Chromosomes
Each pair of homologous chromosomes contain genes for the expression of the same trait, such as eye colour at the same location
However, they may carry different forms of the same gene.
These are called Alleles.
Example:
Dad’s Allele: express brown eyes
Mom’s Allele: express green eyes